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      Oral Complications of HIV Disease

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          Abstract

          Oral lesions are among the early signs of HIV infection and can predict its progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A better understanding of the oral manifestations of AIDS in both adults and children has implications for all health care professionals. The knowledge of such alterations would allow for early recognition of HIV-infected patients. The present paper reviews epidemiology, relevant aspects of HIV infection related to the mouth in both adults and children, as well as current trends in antiretroviral therapy and its connection with orofacial manifestations related to AIDS.

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          Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

          S. J. Kahn, Hanne B. Walker (1998)
          Article 0 comments Cited 82 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Oral human papillomavirus infection in adults is associated with sexual behavior and HIV serostatus.

            Anthony J Alberg, João R. Daniel, Melanie E. Garrett … (2004)
            The prevalence and risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are unknown, despite evidence for an etiological role for HPV in oral cancers. Oral samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative (n=396) and HIV-seropositive (n=190) adults were tested for HPV DNA. High-risk HPV infections were present in 2.1% of tonsil and 6.3% of oral-rinse specimens. The prevalence of oral high-risk HPV infection was greater in HIV-seropositive individuals (13.7% vs. 4.5%; P 1 oral sex partner during the previous year (odds ratio, 12.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-52.7) among HIV-seropositive individuals. HPV type 16, which is present in most HPV-associated tonsillar cancers, was the most prevalent high-risk oral HPV infection.
            Article 0 comments Cited 73 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer.

              Stina Syrjänen (2005)
              The term "head and neck cancer" has been widely adopted in the recent literature, to include the lesions at several anatomic sites: the lip, oral cavity, nose and para-nasal sinuses, naso-pharynx, oro-pharynx, hypo-pharynx, and larynx. In this communication, the data on human papillomavirus (HPV) involvement in oral, oro-pharyngeal, sino-nasal, and laryngeal carcinomas are reviewed. Our group was the first to present evidence on the involvement of HPV infections in both laryngeal and oral carcinogenesis, prompted by the discovery of morphological similarities between oral and cervical squamous cell lesions. The latest meta-analyses of the epidemiological studies as well as the multi-centre case-control studies have confirmed HPV as an independent risk factor for oral cancer, with a range of odds ratios (OR) between 3.7 and 5.4. Until 2002, 4768 oral carcinomas have been analysed for HPV DNA, and 22% were reported to contain HPV by any of the detection techniques. Of all non-genital cancers, tonsillar carcinomas appear to have the highest prevalence of HPV. By the end of 2002, 422 cases of tonsillar carcinoma have been analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA, with the overall detection rate of 51%. HPV 16 is the most prevalent HPV type found in 84% of HPV DNA-positive tumours. HPV seems to be mainly episomal in tonsillar carcinomas, but the significance of this observation is still obscure. Interestingly, patients with HPV 16-positive tumours seem to have a better overall- and disease-specific survival, as compared with the HPV-negative group. To date, 1041 sino-nasal papillomas have been analysed for HPV and 347 (33%) cases have been positive, whereas of the 322 sino-nasal carcinomas analysed so far, 70 (22%) have been positive for any HPV type. Laryngeal squamous cell papilloma and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) are well-established HPV-induced tumours, whereas the role of HPV in laryngeal carcinomatosis remains controversial. The molecular mechanisms of HPV-associated carcinogenesis of the head and neck require further study.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clinics (Sao Paulo)
                Title: Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
                Publisher: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
                ISSN (Print): 1807-5932
                ISSN (Electronic): 1980-5322
                Publication date (Print): May 2009
                Volume: 64
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 459-470
                Affiliations
                [I ] Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife/PE, Brazil
                [II ] Oral Medicine, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences, UCL Eastman Dental Institute - London, UK
                Author notes
                Email: jleao@ 123456ufpe.br , Tel.: 55 81 2126.8818
                Article
                Publisher ID: cln64_5p459
                DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322009000500014
                PMC ID: 2694251
                PubMed ID: 19488613
                SO-VID: 61c839fe-5969-4fd4-ace5-845c7cae8dc8
                Copyright © Copyright © 2009 Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP
                History
                Date received : 22 January 2009
                Date accepted : 18 February 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: aids,hiv,mouth,oral diseases,oral manifestations
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: aids, hiv, mouth, oral diseases, oral manifestations

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