The Impact of Serum Creatinine, Albumin, Age, and Gender on the Development of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Exposed to Contrast Agent Upon Admission to the Emergency Department

Abstract

Background and objectives

As the stage progresses in chronic kidney disease (CKD), the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) also increases. Serum albumin level is the strongest predictor of CIN development in patients with CKD. It is widely known that females of age 75 are at risk for the development of CIN. Our study aims to investigate the impact of age, gender, serum creatinine, and albumin levels on the development of CIN in patients who were admitted to the emergency department and have had contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) for diagnosis.

Materials and methods

The study was planned retrospectively. Patients who applied to the emergency department between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2020, and had CECT were included in the study. A 25% or 0.5 mg/dL increase in serum basal creatinine level within 72 hours following the implementation of contrast agent was accepted as CIN. The patients were divided into two groups: CIN (+) and CIN (-).

Results

One-hundred twenty-two patients (53 female and 69 male), whose average age was 72.27± 12, were included in the study. Forty-five of the patients were found to be CIN (+) and 77 CIN (-). There was no significant difference between the groups (p> 0.05) in terms of age. It was found that the serum creatinine level during admission to the emergency department was the determinant for the development of CIN (p = 0.024). In addition, it was observed that serum albumin levels during the admission had no impact on the development of CIN (p = 0.326). When the serum albumin values of female and male patients diagnosed with CIN measured at the first admission to the emergency service were compared, the mean values were found to be lower in male patients (p = 0.027).

Conclusion

Serum creatinine and albumin levels, age, and gender parameters should be considered in terms of the risk of CIN development in patients who are admitted to the emergency department and given contrast agents.