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      Invarianza de Medición y Estructural de la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (BES-B) en Niños y Adolescentes Peruanos Translated title: Invariância de Medição e Estrutural da Escala Básica de Empatia Breve (BES-B) em Crianças e Adolescentes Peruanos Translated title: Measurement and Structural Invariance of the Brief Basic Empathy Scale (BES-B) in Peruvian Children and Adolescents

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la invarianza de medición y la invarianza estructural de una medida de empatía, para niños y adolescentes peruanos. Los participantes fueron 417, provenientes de Lima Metropolitana. Se aplicó la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (BES-B) de manera estandarizada. El análisis consistió en aplicar el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar la invarianza de medición y las medias latentes en los constructos de empatía afectiva y cognitiva. Los resultados muestran que la invarianza de medición se mantiene satisfactoriamente de acuerdo al género y la edad; las diferencias en las medias latentes muestran ser entre fuertes o moderadas respecto a la edad y el sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a invariância de medição e a invariância estrutural de uma medida de empatia para crianças e adolescentes peruanos. A amostra esteve conformada por 417 participantes, provenientes de Lima Metropolitana. Foi aplicada a Escala Básica de Empatia Breve (BES-B) de maneira padronizada. A análise consistiu em aplicar o modelamento de equações estruturais para avaliar a invariância de medição e as médias latentes nos construtos de empatia afetiva e cognitiva. Os resultados mostram que a invariância de medição se mantém satisfatoriamente de acordo com o gênero e com a idade; as diferenças nas médias latentes mostram ser entre fortes ou moderadas a respeito da idade e do sexo. Finalmente, são discutidas as implicações teóricas e práticas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the measurement and structural invariance of an empathy scale in Peruvian children and adolescents. 417 participants from Metropolitan Lima took part in the study. The Brief Basic Empathy Scale (BES-B) was applied in a standardized manner. Structural equations modeling was applied in the analysis in order to assess measurement invariance and latent means in affective and cognitive empathy. Results show that measurement invariance is maintained according to sex and age; the differences in the latent means are either strong or moderate with respect to age and sex. The article discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

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          Most cited references55

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          Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

          Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334
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            Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions.

            Recent evidence suggests that there are two possible systems for empathy: a basic emotional contagion system and a more advanced cognitive perspective-taking system. However, it is not clear whether these two systems are part of a single interacting empathy system or whether they are independent. Additionally, the neuroanatomical bases of these systems are largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that emotional empathic abilities (involving the mirror neuron system) are distinct from those related to cognitive empathy and that the two depend on separate anatomical substrates. Subjects with lesions in the ventromedial prefrontal (VM) or inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) cortices and two control groups were assessed with measures of empathy that incorporate both cognitive and affective dimensions. The findings reveal a remarkable behavioural and anatomic double dissociation between deficits in cognitive empathy (VM) and emotional empathy (IFG). Furthermore, precise anatomical mapping of lesions revealed Brodmann area 44 to be critical for emotional empathy while areas 11 and 10 were found necessary for cognitive empathy. These findings are consistent with these cortices being different in terms of synaptic hierarchy and phylogenetic age. The pattern of empathy deficits among patients with VM and IFG lesions represents a first direct evidence of a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy using the lesion method.
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              Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance.

              Confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance (MI) based on the chi-square statistic are known to be highly sensitive to sample size. For this reason, G. W. Cheung and R. B. Rensvold (2002) recommended using alternative fit indices (AFIs) in MI investigations. In this article, the authors investigated the performance of AFIs with simulated data known to not be invariant. The results indicate that AFIs are much less sensitive to sample size and are more sensitive to a lack of invariance than chi-square-based tests of MI. The authors suggest reporting differences in comparative fit index (CFI) and R. P. McDonald's (1989) noncentrality index (NCI) to evaluate whether MI exists. Although a general value of change in CFI (.002) seemed to perform well in the analyses, condition specific change in McDonald's NCI values exhibited better performance than a single change in McDonald's NCI value. Tables of these values are provided as are recommendations for best practices in MI testing. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcps
                Revista Colombiana de Psicología
                Rev. colomb. psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Psicología (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0121-5469
                December 2019
                : 28
                : 2
                : 15-32
                Affiliations
                [2] Logroño La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja Spain
                [1] Lima orgnameUniversidad de San Martín de Porres Peru
                [3] Lima Lima orgnameUniversidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas Peru
                Article
                S0121-54692019000200015
                10.15446/rcp.v28n2.69478
                6200243d-410e-4a49-a409-602fa5925677

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 December 2017
                : 14 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 80, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos

                empathy,comportamento social,empatia,invariância de medição,validade,empatía,validez,invarianza de medición,conducta social,validity,measurement invariance,social behavior

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