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      Determinantes psicossociais do comportamento sedentário dos idosos: estudo qualitativo Translated title: Psychosocial determinants of sedentary behavior among older adults: qualitative study Translated title: Determinantes psicosociales del comportamiento sedentario de adultos mayores: estudio cualitativo

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Nos últimos anos verificou-se um aumento progressivo acerca da investigação sobre o comportamento sedentário. No entanto, as evidências empíricas ainda são escassas relativamente aos determinantes psicossociais do tempo sentado dos idosos. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar e compreender os fatores psicossociais que determinavam os diferentes comportamentos sedentários dos idosos. Participaram no estudo 20 idosos (M = 68 anos; DP = 1.6 anos) selecionados intencionalmente. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um guião de entrevista semiestruturada e a análise dos dados seguiu um processo indutivo. Os resultados indicaram os seguintes determinantes psicossociais do comportamento sedentário dos idosos: hábito, comportamentos compensatórios, representação positiva dos comportamentos sedentários e o suporte social. Parece que os comportamentos sedentários dos idosos podem ser determinados por processos automáticos e intencionais. Os idosos também podem utilizar estratégias cognitivas com a intenção de compensar o tempo sentado através de comportamentos ativos e o suporte social dos idosos pode contribuir para a promoção do tempo sedentário ou para a interrupção do mesmo. Desta forma, o entendimento dos fatores psicossociais constitui-se numa importante contribuição para a explicação do tempo sedentário dos idosos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT In recent years there has been a progressive research about sedentary behavior. However, the empirical evidence is still scarce regarding the psychosocial determinants of the siting time in older adults. Thus, the main purpose of the study was to identify and understand the psychosocial factors that determined the different sedentary behaviors of older adults. A total of 20 elderly persons, aged between 65 and 75 years (M = 68 years; SD = 1.6 years) participated in this study. The participants were selected intentionally and data was collected through a semi-structured interview guide and data analysis followed an inductive process. Results indicated that following psychosocial determinants of the sedentary behavior in older adults: strength of habit, compensatory behaviors, positive representation of sedentary behaviors and social support. It seems that sedentary behaviors of elderly can be determined by automatic and intentional processes. The older adults may also use cognitive strategies with the intent to compensate for sitting time through active behaviors and social support of older adults can contribute to the promotion of sedentary time or the interruption of the same. In this way, the understanding of psychosocial factors constitutes an important contribution to the explanation of the sedentary time of older adults.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento progresivo en la investigación sobre el comportamiento sedentario. Sin embargo, las evidencias empíricas todavía son escasas respecto a los determinantes psicosociales del tiempo sentado de adultos mayores. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue identificar y comprender los factores psicosociales que determinaban los diferentes comportamientos sedentarios de los ancianos. Participaron en el estudio 20 ancianos (M = 68 años, SD = 1,6 años) seleccionados intencionalmente. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de un guión de entrevista semiestructurado constituido por un conjunto evolutivo de cuestiones y el análisis de los datos siguió un proceso inductivo. Los resultados indicaron los siguientes determinantes psicosociales del comportamiento sedentario de los ancianos: fuerza del hábito, comportamientos compensatorios, representación positiva de los comportamientos sedentarios y el soporte social. Parece que los comportamientos sedentarios de los adultos mayores pueden ser determinados por procesos automáticos e intencionales. Los adultos mayores también pueden utilizar estrategias cognitivas con la intención de compensar el tiempo sentado a través de comportamientos activos y el soporte social de los adultos mayores puede contribuir a la promoción del tiempo sedentario o para la interrupción del mismo. De esta forma, el entendimiento de los factores psicosociales se constituye en una importante contribución a la explicación del tiempo sedentario de los adultos mayores.

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          Most cited references25

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          Context change and travel mode choice: Combining the habit discontinuity and self-activation hypotheses

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            Physical exercise habit: on the conceptualization and formation of habitual health behaviours.

            An observation one can make when reviewing the literature on physical activity is that health-enhancing exercise habits tend to wear off as soon as individuals enter adolescence. Therefore, exercise habits should be promoted and preserved early in life. This article focuses on the formation of physical exercise habits. First, the literature on motivational determinants of habitual exercise and related behaviours is discussed, and the concept of habit is further explored. Based on this literature, a theoretical model of exercise habit formation is proposed. More specifically, expanding on the idea that habits are the result of automated cognitive processes, it is argued that physical exercise habits are capable of being automatically activated by the situational features that normally precede these behaviours. These habits may enhance health as a result of consistent performance over a long period of time. Subsequently, obstacles to the formation of exercise habits are discussed and interventions that may anticipate these obstacles are presented. Finally, implications for theory and practice are briefly discussed.
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              Determinants of Sedentary Behavior, Motivation, Barriers and Strategies to Reduce Sitting Time in Older Women: A Qualitative Investigation

              Sedentary behavior defined as time spent non-exercising seated or reclining posture has been identified has a health risk and associated with frailty and disablement for older adults. Older adults are the most sedentary segment of society. To date no study has investigated the determinants of sedentary behavior in older adults. This study reports a qualitative investigation of the determinants of sedentary behavior, strategies and motivator to reduce sitting time by structured interviews in a group of community dwelling older women (N = 11, age 65 and over). Older women expressed the view that their sedentary behavior is mostly determined by pain which acts both as an incentive to sit and a motivator to stand up, lack of energy in the afternoon, pressure from direct social circle to sit and rest, societal and environmental typecasting that older adult are meant to sit, lack of environmental facilities to allow activity pacing. This qualitative investigation highlighted some factors that older adults consider determinants of their sedentary behavior. Some are identical to those affecting physical activity (self-efficacy, functional limitations, ageist stereotyping) but some appear specific to sedentary behavior (locus of control, pain) and should be further investigated and considered during intervention design. Tailored interventions that pay attention to the pattern of sedentary behavior of individuals appear to be supported by the views of older women on their sedentary behavior.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                2019
                : 19
                : 1
                : 147-165
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidade de Lisboa orgdiv1Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Portugal
                [1] orgnameInstituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco orgdiv1Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU) Portugal
                Article
                S1578-84232019000100147 S1578-8423(19)01900100147
                6208b88f-4a3f-44d3-88a2-c38ff71ef36a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 December 2018
                : 21 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                factores epidemiológicos,envelhecimento,epidemiologic factors,fatores epidemiológicos,sedentarismo,sedentary lifstyle,envejecimiento,aging

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