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      The importance of Serra do Mar State Park for liverworts conservation in the Atlantic Rainforest

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          Abstract

          Abstract Serra do Mar State Park (PESM) is located in southeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, and is the largest Atlantic Rainforest conservation area in the country. The park is divided into 10 nuclei, and the Itutinga-Pilões nucleus (NIP) was selected for study since no survey of liverworts species richness had yet been conducted there. The floristic similarities between the NIP and different areas of Atlantic Rainforest in São Paulo state were also assessed. One hundred and eighty liverworts species were identified in the three vegetation types (lowland, submontane, and montane ombrophilous forests) encountered in the NIP, distributed among 62 genera and 21 families. Lejeuneaceae showed the highest species richness with 80 species. The high number of epiphyllous species found in the study area (26% of all species) was notable. In terms of their worldwide distributions, 57% of the species are Neotropical. Clustering analysis showed that the areas of the PESM and Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station were grouped together with the highest similarity values. The liverworts flora of the NIP demonstrates the importance of that nucleus for the conservation of liverworts diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest of the São Paulo state, as well as in Brazil.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM) está localizado no sudeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil sendo a maior unidade de conservação de Mata Atlântica do país. O parque é dividido em 10 núcleos, sendo o Núcleo Itutinga-Pilões (NIP) selecionado para este estudo, visto que não foi realizado nenhum estudo analisando a riqueza de espécies de hepáticas nessa área. As similaridades florísticas entre o NIP e diferentes áreas da Mata Atlântica no estado de São Paulo também foram avaliadas. Cento e oitenta espécies de hepáticas foram identificadas nos três tipos de vegetação (floresta ombrófila de terras baixas, submontana e montana) encontradas no NIP, distribuídas em 62 gêneros e 21 famílias. A família Lejeuneaceae apresentou a maior riqueza com 80 espécies. O elevado número de espécies epífilas encontradas na área de estudo (26% de todas as espécies) foi notável. Em termos de suas distribuições mundiais, 57% das espécies são Neotrópicais. A análise de agrupamento mostrou que as áreas do PESM e Estação Ecológica Jureia-Itatins foram agrupadas com os maiores valores de similaridade. A flora de hepática do NIP demonstra a importância desse núcleo para a conservação da diversidade de hepáticas na Mata Atlântica do estado de São Paulo, bem como no Brasil.

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          Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)

          Abstract The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.
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            Bryophytes diversity in Brazil

            Abstract The bryoflora of Brazil comprises 1,524 species, 117 families, and 413 genera (11 hornworts, 633 liverworts, and 880 mosses). The most diverse families of liverworts are: Lejeuneaceae (285 species), Lepidoziaceae (48), Frullaniaceae (37), Ricciaceae (36), Plagiochilaceae (27), Radulaceae and Metzgeriaceae (26 each), Lophocoleaceae (18), Aneuraceae (15), and Calypogeiaceae (13); while, for the mosses, we have: Sphagnaceae (83 species), Fissidentaceae (65) Pottiaceae (63), Dicranaceae (54), Bryaceae and Sematophyllaceae (53 each), Orthotrichaceae and Pilotrichaceae (51 each), Calymperaceae (48), and Hypnaceae (28). These large groups account for 71% of the Brazilian bryophyte species. Lejeuneaceae and Sphagnaceae are the families with highest number of endemic taxa (54 and 60 species). The Atlantic Rainforest presents the greatest number of species (1,337), followed by the Amazon Rainforest (570) and Cerrado (478). The highest number of endemic species (242) is associated with the Atlantic Rainforest, where the Dense Ombrophilous Forest concentrates 73% of the species with 62% endemism. The Southeastern region is the most diverse in number of species (1,228) and with more endemism (219). Most endangered species are restricted to the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, which is the diversity and endemism centre for mosses and liverworts. The information currently presented by the Brazilian List is close to the real bryophyte diversity found in the country.
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              Briófitas talosas dos arredores da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                2020
                : 71
                : e01442018
                Affiliations
                [3] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [1] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical Brazil
                [2] Santos SP orgnameUniversidade Santa Cecília Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602020000100276 S2175-7860(20)07100000276
                10.1590/2175-7860202071109
                6239eb16-4b86-4d9c-a9f0-06c826460231

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 March 2019
                : 13 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Original Papers

                similaridade,florística,Mata Atlântica,similarity,liverworts,Itutinga-Pilões,floristic,Atlantic rainforest,hepáticas

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