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      Programa Escolar de Salud Cardiovascular (PESCA). Metodología y primeros resultados: 2018-2020 Translated title: Cardiovascular Health School Program (PESCA). Methodology and initial results: 2018-2020

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: el 40 % de los niños entre los 6 y 9 años en España presentan exceso de peso infantil (EPI). Más de 2/3 padecerán enfermedad cardiovascular en la vida adulta. Aun así, no existe un modelo protocolarizado de acción con el que combatir, de forma eficaz, el problema. El objetivo del programa PESCA es la reducción de la prevalencia del EPI a través de un modelo transversal de actuación que, tomando como centro la red escolar y su profesorado, implique a las familias y la red de atención primaria de salud para actuar mediante la mejora cualitativa y cuantitativa de la actividad física (AF) y los hábitos de alimentación. Métodos: el protocolo incluye 5 pasos que se realizan en el centro escolar: 1) cuestionario de antecedentes personales y familiares de cada alumno; 2) índice de masa corporal (IMC); 3) bioimpedancia de composición corporal (BIA); 4) dinamometría de mano (DIN), y 5) exploración física facultativa. Como resultado, cada sujeto participante recibe un informe facultativo con su diagnostico individualizado de peso corporal y salud cardiovascular, y recomendaciones de mejora en cuanto a AF y hábitos de alimentación. Resultados en los dos primeros años del programa se ha objetivado un aumento del tiempo semanal dedicado a la AF entre los sujetos participantes (hasta un 20,12 %; p < 0,001) y un descenso significativo en la prevalencia del EPI en las niñas y los menores de 6 años (35,78 % y 58,92 %; p < 0,05, respectivamente). Conclusión: la actuación transversal de colegio, pediatra y familia permite disminuir tanto el déficit diagnóstico de la obesidad y el sobrepeso infantiles como su prevalencia.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: despite the fact that 40 % of children in Spain, ages 6 to 9, are overweight or obese, and 2/3 of them are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, there is a lack of protocolized efficient interventions to fight this important health problem. The PESCA project aims to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity with a transversal model focused on a school intervention, but also involving families and primary care doctors, to increase the quantity and quality of physical activity (PA) and improve eating habits. Methods: a 5-step protocol was carried out at schools: 1) family and personal background questionnaire for children; 2) body mass index (BMI); 3) bioimpedance corporal composition (BIA); 4) hand grip dynamometry (DIN); and 5) medical physical examination. As a result, each subject received a medical report about his/her diagnosis of body weight and composition and cardiovascular health, and also recommendations to improve eating habits and increase physical activity. Results: in the first two years of PESCA, the weekly time of physical activity has significantly increased among participants (up to 20.12 %; p < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of overweight/obesity has significantly declined in both girls and children under 6 years of age (35.78 % and 58.92 %; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: the school, pediatrician, and family working together on a transversal intervention has shown effectiveness in reducing the lack of diagnosis and prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

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          Most cited references15

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                2021
                : 38
                : spe2
                : 54-59
                Affiliations
                [1] Toledo orgnameHospitales Quirónsalud Sur y Quirónsalud Toledo orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría orgdiv2Coordinación del Programa PESCA España
                [2] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid orgdiv1Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano orgdiv2Grupo de investigación ImFine Spain
                [6] Barcelona orgnameInstitut Recerca Sant Joan de Déu orgdiv1Hospital Sant Joan de Déu orgdiv2Servicio de Endocrinología España
                [5] Barcelona orgnameInstitut Recerca Sant Joan de Déu orgdiv1Hospital Sant Joan de Déu orgdiv2Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición España
                [4] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN) España
                [3] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Complutense de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Educación Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112021000500013 S0212-1611(21)03800200013
                10.20960/nh.3799
                6241ffbb-d5f2-4943-b035-a712ccff3e36

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Spain

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                Trabajos Originales

                Hábitos de alimentación,Overweight,Childhood obesity,Physical activity,Eating habits,Sobrepeso,Obesidad infantil,Actividad física

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