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      Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis 2015.

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          Abstract

          The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology revised the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis in 2015. Eighty-three clinical questions were selected, and a literature search was performed for the clinical questions with use of the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases for the period between 1983 and June 2012. Manual searching of the latest important literature was added until August 2015. The guidelines were developed with use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. This digest version in English introduces selected clinical questions and statements related to the management of liver cirrhosis and its complications. Branched-chain amino acids relieve hypoalbuminemia and hepatic encephalopathy and improve quality of life. Nucleoside analogues and peginterferon plus ribavirin combination therapy improve the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus related liver cirrhosis and hepatitis C related compensated liver cirrhosis, respectively, although the latter therapy may be replaced by direct-acting antivirals. For liver cirrhosis caused by primary biliary cirrhosis and active autoimmune hepatitis, urosodeoxycholic acid and steroid are recommended, respectively. The most adequate modalities for the management of variceal bleeding are the endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices and the balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration following endoscopic obturation with cyanoacrylate for gastric varices. Beta-blockers are useful for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. The V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan is a useful add-on therapy in careful diuretic therapy for ascites. Albumin infusion is useful for the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory disturbance and renal failure. In addition to disaccharides, the nonabsorbable antibiotic rifaximin is useful for the management of encephalopathy. Anticoagulation therapy is proposed for patients with acute-onset or progressive portal vein thrombosis.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Gastroenterol.
          Journal of gastroenterology
          1435-5922
          0944-1174
          Jul 2016
          : 51
          : 7
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8522, Japan. hfukui@naramed-u.ac.jp.
          [2 ] Guidelines Committee for creating and evaluating the ''Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis'', Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE), K-18 Building 8F, 8-9-13, Ginza, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0061, Japan. hfukui@naramed-u.ac.jp.
          [3 ] Guidelines Committee for creating and evaluating the ''Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis'', Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE), K-18 Building 8F, 8-9-13, Ginza, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0061, Japan.
          Article
          10.1007/s00535-016-1216-y
          10.1007/s00535-016-1216-y
          27246107
          626ab38c-5cb1-48f5-95a3-406f5db8f800
          History

          Antiviral therapy,Ascites,Diagnosis,Gastroesophageal varices,Hepatic encephalopathy,Hepatorenal syndrome,Liver cirrhosis,Liver transplant,Nonviral cirrhosis,Nutritional therapy

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