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      Validation of the Greek Version of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

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          Abstract

          Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Greek version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Method: Eighty-six adult patients with chronic tinnitus participated in the study. Sociodemographic data and medical history were recorded during the interview. The patients underwent audiological examination and they were asked to fill in three questionnaires: the Greek version of the THI (THI-GR), the Greek version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the brief Tinnitus Severity Scale Questionnaire (TSSQ). Results: The THI-GR showed good internal consistency, comparable to the original version. Cronbach’s alpha was equal to 0.92, which suggests a robust reliability. All THI-GR subscales along with total score were significantly and positively correlated with the TSSQ grade and the audiogram results indicating the existence of convergent validity. Furthermore, THI-GR’s subscales were significantly correlated with both State and Trait subscales, which indicates a correlation between tinnitus and stress. Conclusions: This study highlighted the high reliability and validity of the THI-GR as a self-report measure for the evaluation of tinnitus-related annoyance and psychological distress in clinical practice.

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          Most cited references18

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          Measures of anxiety: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A).

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            Development of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

            To develop a self-report tinnitus handicap measure that is brief, easy to administer and interpret, broad in scope, and psychometrically robust.
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              Tinnitus: causes and clinical management.

              Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus. With prevalence ranging from 10% to 15%, tinnitus is a common disorder. Many people habituate to the phantom sound, but tinnitus severely impairs quality of life of about 1-2% of all people. Tinnitus has traditionally been regarded as an otological disorder, but advances in neuroimaging methods and development of animal models have increasingly shifted the perspective towards its neuronal correlates. Increased neuronal firing rate, enhanced neuronal synchrony, and changes in the tonotopic organisation are recorded in central auditory pathways in reaction to deprived auditory input and represent--together with changes in non-auditory brain areas--the neuronal correlate of tinnitus. Assessment of patients includes a detailed case history, measurement of hearing function, quantification of tinnitus severity, and identification of causal factors, associated symptoms, and comorbidities. Most widely used treatments for tinnitus involve counselling, and best evidence is available for cognitive behavioural therapy. New pathophysiological insights have prompted the development of innovative brain-based treatment approaches to directly target the neuronal correlates of tinnitus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Audiol Res
                Audiol Res
                audiolres
                Audiology Research
                MDPI
                2039-4330
                2039-4349
                06 October 2020
                December 2020
                : 10
                : 2
                : 39-48
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ENT Department, “Tzaneio” General Hospital of Piraeus, 18536 Piraeus, Greece; isipapitsi@ 123456hotmail.com (I.P.); dbalats@ 123456hotmail.com (D.G.B.); kookmail@ 123456otenet.gr (G.K.); akaberos@ 123456hotmail.com (A.K.)
                [2 ]Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, KAT Hospital, 14561 Kifisia, Greece; john.makris@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3 ]National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; htzavara@ 123456med.uoa.gr
                [4 ]Second Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; nikolop@ 123456med.uoa.gr
                [5 ]Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: pavlos.sarafis@ 123456cut.ac.cy ; Tel.: +357-2500-2586; Fax: +357-2500-2864
                Article
                audiolres-10-00244
                10.4081/audiores.2020.244
                7768439
                33704121
                628c5de7-7e2a-477f-8068-ad8b311f1584
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 14 April 2020
                : 21 May 2020
                Categories
                Article

                tinnitus,questionnaire,anxiety,quality of life
                tinnitus, questionnaire, anxiety, quality of life

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