Bronquiolitis en neonatos: Experiencia de cuatro años en un hospital pediátrico de referencia nacional Translated title: Bronchiolitis in neonates: A four-year experience in a Pediatric Hospital that is a national reference

Abstract

Introducción: la bronquiolitis es causa importante de morbimortalidad en pediatría motivo frecuente de consulta e ingreso hospitalario en meses invernales. Objetivo: describir epidemiología etiología evolución y tratamientos realizados en recién nacidos ingresados por bronquiolitisentre los años 2010 a 2013. Material y métodos: descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos ingresados por bronquiolitis. Variables: edad gestacional sexo comorbilidades antecedentes ambientales agente etiológico días de internación insuficiencia respiratoria oxigeno de alto flujo ingreso a cuidados intensivos ventilación mecánica muerte. Resultados: ingresaron 226 neonatos 51 3 varones promedio de internación de 6 5 días. Conviviente con infección respiratoria 75 2 tabaquismo 28 3 cardiopatía congénita 9 7 pretérmino 7 9 . Se aisló virus respiratorio sincicial en 59 5 . Recibieron oxígeno de alto flujo 9 7 . Ingresaron a cuidados intensivos 11 5 apoyo ventilatorio mecánico 34 6 de los mismos. No se registraron muertes. Conclusiones: el número de ingresos de recién nacidos por bronquiolitis no es despreciable. El virus respiratorio sincicial es el agente etiológico más identificado y el causante de mayor número de ingresos a cuidados intensivos. No se constataron fallecimientos.

Translated abstract

Introduction: bronchiolitis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children a frequent cause of consultation and hospitalization in winter months. Objective: to describe epidemiology etiology evolution and treatments applied to infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis between 2010 and 2013. Methods: descriptive retrospective study. All newborns hospitalized for bronchiolitis were included in the study. Variables: gestational age sex comorbidities environmental history etiologic agent days of hospitalization respiratory failure high-flow oxygen admission to intensive care mechanical ventilation death. Results: 226 neonates were admitted 51.3 of them were male average hospital stay was 6.5 days. 75.2 domestic partners had respiratory infections 28.3 smoked 9.7 presented congenital heart disease and 7.9 were preterm. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated in 59.5 . 9.7 received high-flow oxygen. 11.5 were admitted to intensive care 34.6 of the latter needed mechanical ventilatory support. No deaths were reported. Conclusions: the number of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants is not negligible. Respiratory syncytial virus is the etiologic agent identified and the cause of a higher number of admissions to intensive care. No deaths were observed.