Ecosystem function enhanced by combining four functional types of plant species in intensively managed grassland mixtures: a 3-year continental-scale field experiment

Finn, John A; Kirwan, Laura; Connolly, John; Sebastià, M. Teresa; Helgadottir, Aslaug; Baadshaug, Ole H.; Bélanger, Gilles; Black, Alistair D; Brophy, Caroline; Collins, Rosemary P.; Čop, Jure; Dalmannsdóttir, Sigridur; Delgado, Ignacio Godinho; Elgersma, Anjo; Fothergill, Michael; Frankow-Lindberg, Bodil E.; Ghesquiere, An; Golińska, Barbara; Goliński, Piotr; Grieu, Philippe; Gustavsson, Anne-Maj; Höglind, Mats; Huguenin-Elie, Olivier; Jørgensen, Marit Eika; Kadziuliene, Zydre; Kurki, Päivi; Llurba, Rosa; Lunnan, Tor; Porqueddu, Claudio; Suter, Matthias; Thumm, Ulrich; Lüscher, Andreas; Wilsey, Brian

doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12041

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Ecosystem function enhanced by combining four functional types of plant species in intensively managed grassland mixtures: a 3-year continental-scale field experiment

Author(s): John A. Finn , Laura Kirwan , John Connolly , M. Teresa Sebastià , Aslaug Helgadottir , Ole H. Baadshaug , Gilles Bélanger , Alistair Black , Caroline Brophy , Rosemary P. Collins , Jure Čop , Sigridur Dalmannsdóttir , Ignacio Delgado , Anjo Elgersma , Michael Fothergill , Bodil E. Frankow-Lindberg , An Ghesquiere , Barbara Golinska , Piotr Golinski , Philippe Grieu , Anne-Maj Gustavsson , Mats Höglind , Olivier Huguenin-Elie , Marit Jørgensen , Zydre Kadziuliene , Päivi Kurki , Rosa Llurba , Tor Lunnan , Claudio Porqueddu , Matthias Suter , Ulrich Thumm , Andreas Lüscher

Editor(s): Brian Wilsey

Publication date Created: April 2013

Publication date (Print): April 2013

Journal: Journal of Applied Ecology

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

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Diversity-productivity relationships: initial effects, long-term patterns, and underlying mechanisms.

Jasper van Ruijven, Frank Berendse (2005)

A common pattern emerging from studies on the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is that productivity increases with diversity. Most of these studies have been carried out in perennial grasslands, but many lasted only two growing seasons or reported data from a single year. Especially for perennial plant communities, however, the long-term effects of diversity are important. The question whether interactions between few species or among many species lead to increased productivity remained largely unanswered. So far, the main mechanism addressed is the increased input of nitrogen by nitrogen-fixing legumes. We report that other mechanisms can also generate strong increases of productivity with diversity. Results from 4 consecutive years of a plant diversity experiment without legumes show that a positive relationship between plant species richness and productivity emerged in the second year and strengthened with time. We show that increased nutrient use efficiency at high species richness is an important underlying mechanism. This mechanism had not been discussed in earlier studies. Furthermore, our results suggest that complementary nutrient uptake in space and time is important. Together, these mechanisms sustain consistently high productivity at high diversity.