For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
49
views
62
references
 Top references
cited by
35
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      137
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Rural-to-urban migrants are at high risk of sexually transmitted and viral hepatitis infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

      research-article
      Author(s): , , , , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: BMC Infectious Diseases
      Publisher: BioMed Central

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Rapid economic development in urban China has led to a mass migration of surplus rural residents into urban areas for better employment opportunities. This study aims to identify prevalence levels and risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and hepatitis among the rural-to-urban migrant population in China.

          Methods

          Chinese and English literature databases were searched for studies reporting prevalence of HIV, STIs and viral hepatitis among rural-to-urban migrants in China between 1990 and 2013. The estimates were summarised through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The risks of infection were compared between migrants and the general Chinese population.

          Results

          We identified a total of 411 eligible studies. The prevalence of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, genital warts and HCV among migrants were 0.23% (0.20-0.27%), 0.69% (0.57-0.84%), 2.18% (1.30-3.64%), 1.54% (0.70-3.36%) and 0.45% (0.31-3.65%), representing 4.0 (3.1-5.2), 1.9 (1.1-3.0), 13.6 (5.8-32.1), 38.5 (15.7-94.5) and 3.8 (1.9-7.3) higher odds of infection than among the general population. Construction workers, long-distance truck drivers and migrant women through marriage were migrant subgroups that were highly susceptible to STIs and hepatitis. HIV prevalence among migrant pregnant women (0.10%, 0.02-0.49%) was significantly higher than that of pregnant women in the general Chinese population (OR = 7.7, 3.4-17.4). However, no significant differences were observed in STIs and hepatitis between overall female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and drug users (DUs), and the corresponding subgroups with a migratory background.

          Conclusions

          Rural-to-urban migrants have a higher risk of STIs and hepatitis than the general Chinese population, but a migratory background does not increase the infection risks of STIs and hepatitis in FSWs, MSM and DUs.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-490) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Related collections

          Most cited references62

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Risk of HIV/AIDS in China: subpopulations of special importance.

          Z. Qian, Sten Vermund, Evelyn Wang (2005)
          To describe the HIV/AIDS epidemic in mainland China. We review the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the social characteristics and geographic distribution of at-risk groups in China based on published literature and unpublished official data. Injection drug use has been the dominant route for HIV infection in China, and will continue to be a major risk factor with increasing numbers of new drug users and needle sharing. Commercial plasma donation with unhygienic re-infusion of red blood cells was common in rural communities in the early 1990s. While this is unlikely to constitute a major factor for future HIV spread, those already infected represent a formidable treatment challenge. Huge seasonal work migration facilitates disease spread across regions. Many homosexual men have unprotected sex with men, women, or both, and may contract or spread HIV. Though commercial sex workers have contributed to a small proportion of the reported epidemic thus far, flourishing commercial sex is of growing concern and may have a bridging role in transmitting HIV from core groups to the general population. Increasing numbers of sex workers and drug users, internal migration, high risk behaviours, and low condom use suggest a future upward trend for HIV/AIDS and underscore the urgency of scaling up interventions in China.
          Article 0 comments Cited 53 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Systematic review of HIV and HCV infection among drug users in China.

            Meng Liu, S. Bao (2009)
            To determine the HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) geographical distribution among drug users in China, a systematic literature review of 40 peer-reviewed publications (comprising 15,565 drug users) was conducted. Of the total drug users, 10,724 were found to be injection drug users (IDUs) and 4841 were non-injection drug users (non-IDUs). Various studies identified that among IDUs and non-IDUs, the overall HIV prevalence rates were 12.55% and 1.05%, and the HCV prevalence rates were 66.97% and 18.30%, respectively. The HIV prevalence rate ranged from 0% (Anhui and Inner Mongolia) to 52.51% (Yunnan) among IDUs, and from 0% to 19.80% among non-IDUs correspondingly. The HCV prevalence rate ranged from 11.43% (Shannxi) to 90.77% (Hubei) among IDUs, and from 0% (Anhui) to 40.00% (Fujian) among non-IDUs. Based on the high prevalence of HIV and HCV among drug users, scaling-up harm reduction was required from 'heroin trafficking areas' to other areas in China.
            Article 0 comments Cited 43 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Trends in Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China: Implications for Surveillance and Population Health Policy

              Lei Zhang, David Wilson (2012)
              This study aimed to analyse trends in notifiable infectious diseases in China, in their historical context. Both English and Chinese literature was searched and diseases were categorised according to the type of disease or transmission route. Temporal trends of morbidity and mortality rates were calculated for eight major infectious diseases types. Strong government commitment to public health responses and improvements in quality of life has led to the eradication or containment of a wide range of infectious diseases in China. The overall infectious diseases burden experienced a dramatic drop during 1975–1995, but since then, it reverted and maintained a gradual upward trend to date. Most notifiable diseases are contained at a low endemic level; however, local small-scale outbreaks remain common. Tuberculosis, as a bacterial infection, has re-emerged since the 1990s and has become prevalent in the country. Sexually transmitted infections are in a rapid, exponential growth phase, spreading from core groups to the general population. Together human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), they account for 39% of all death cases due to infectious diseases in China in 2008. Zoonotic infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), rabies and influenza, pose constant threats to Chinese residents and remain the most deadly disease type among the infected individuals. Therefore, second-generation surveillance of behavioural risks or vectors associated with pathogen transmission should be scaled up. It is necessary to implement public health interventions that target HIV and relevant coinfections, address transmission associated with highly mobile populations, and reduce the risk of cross-species transmission of zoonotic pathogens.
              Article 0 comments Cited 41 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xia Zou: zouxia@mail3.sysu.edu.cn
                Eric PF Chow: EChow@mshc.org.au
                Peizhen Zhao: 08tjzpz@163.com
                Yong Xu: 841974524@qq.com
                Li Ling: lingli@mail.sysu.edu.cn
                Lei Zhang: lzhang@kirby.unsw.edu.au
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Infect. Dis
                Title: BMC Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2334
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 September 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 8 September 2014
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 490
                Affiliations
                [ ]Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 P.R. China
                [ ]Sun Yat-sen Centre for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 P.R. China
                [ ]The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
                [ ]Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
                [ ]Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3800
                DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-490
                PMC ID: 4169821
                PubMed ID: 25200651
                SO-VID: 62ea70b9-55b5-418f-883e-464a21862447
                Copyright © © Zou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
                License:

                This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 21 March 2014
                Date accepted : 2 September 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2014

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content137

                See all similar

                Cited by34

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors651

                See all reference authors