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      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

      Submit here before September 30, 2024

      About Neurodegenerative Diseases: 3.0 Impact Factor I 4.3 CiteScore I 0.695 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      A Longitudinal SPECT Study of Different Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer’s Disease with or without Diabetes

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          Abstract

          Aims: To determine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: We investigated the initial rCBF of 71 AD patients (36 without DM and 35 with DM) and the final rCBF of 23 AD patients (12 without DM and 11 with DM) after an average of 32 months. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data were analyzed by statistical brain imaging. Results: The initial SPECT showed that AD patients without DM had lower rCBF in the left and right inferior temporal gyri than AD patients with DM. A follow-up SPECT demonstrated that rCBF decreased in more widespread regions, including the parietal, temporal, frontal, and limbic lobes, in AD patients without than with DM. Conclusion: This study suggests that functional brain abnormalities in AD differ depending on the DM status at baseline and during follow-up, reflecting neuropathologic differences.

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          Efficacy of rosiglitazone in a genetically defined population with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

          M Risner, A Saunders, J F B Altman … (2015)
          Mild-to-moderate AD patients were randomized to placebo or rosiglitazone (RSG) 2, 4 or 8 mg. Primary end points at Week 24 were mean change from baseline in AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) and Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input global scores in the intention-to-treat population (N=511), and results were also stratified by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype (n=323). No statistically significant differences on primary end points were detected between placebo and any RSG dose. There was a significant interaction between APOE epsilon4 allele status and ADAS-Cog (P=0.014). Exploratory analyses demonstrated significant improvement in ADAS-Cog in APOE epsilon4-negative patients on 8 mg RSG (P=0.024; not corrected for multiplicity). APOE epsilon4-positive patients did not show improvement and showed a decline at the lowest RSG dose (P=0.012; not corrected for multiplicity). Exploratory analyses suggested that APOE epsilon4 non-carriers exhibited cognitive and functional improvement in response to RSG, whereas APOE epsilon4 allele carriers showed no improvement and some decline was noted. These preliminary findings require confirmation in appropriate clinical studies.
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            A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET.

            Björn Kuhl, S Minoshima, N Foster … (1995)
            To improve the diagnostic performance of PET as an aid in evaluating patients suspected of having Alzheimer's disease, we developed a fully automated method which generates comprehensive image presentations and objective diagnostic indices. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET image sets were collected from 37 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (including questionable and mild dementia), 22 normal subjects and 5 patients with cerebrovascular disease. Following stereotactic anatomic standardization, metabolic activity on an individual's PET image set was extracted to a set of predefined surface pixels (three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection, 3D-SSP), which was used in the subsequent analysis. A normal database was created by averaging extracted datasets of the normal subjects. Patients' datasets were compared individually with the normal database by calculating a Z-score on a pixel-by-pixel basis and were displayed in 3D-SSP views for visual inspections. Diagnostic indices were then generated based on averaged Z-scores for the association cortices. Patterns and severities of metabolic reduction in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were seen in the standard 3D-SSP views of extracted raw data and statistical Z-scores. When discriminating patients with probable Alzheimer's disease from normal subjects, diagnostic indices of the parietal association cortex and unilaterally averaged parietal-temporal-frontal cortex showed sensitivities of 95% and 97%, respectively, with a specificity of 100%. Neither index yielded false-positive results for cerebrovascular disease. 3D-SSP enables quantitative data extraction and reliable localization of metabolic abnormalities by means of stereotactic coordinates. The proposed method is a promising approach for interpreting functional brain PET scans.
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              The biochemical pathway of neurofibrillary degeneration in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

              A Delacourte, J. David, N Sergeant … (1999)
              To determine the spatiotemporal mapping of neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) in normal aging and the different stages of AD. The pathophysiologic significance of AD lesions, namely amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is still unclear, especially their interrelationship and their link with cognitive impairment. The study included 130 patients of various ages and different cognitive statuses, from nondemented control subjects (n = 60, prospective study) to patients with severe definite AD. Paired helical filaments (PHF)-tau and Abeta were used as biochemical and histologic markers of NFD and amyloid plaques, respectively. NFD with PHF-tau was systematically present in variable amounts in the hippocampal region of nondemented patients age >75 years. When NFD was found in other brain areas, it was always along a stereotyped, sequential, hierarchical pathway. The progression was categorized into 10 stages according to the brain regions affected: transentorhinal cortex (S1), entorhinal (S2), hippocampus (S3), anterior temporal cortex (S4), inferior temporal cortex (S5), medium temporal cortex (S6), polymodal association areas (prefrontal, parietal inferior, temporal superior) (S7), unimodal areas (S8), primary motor (S9a) or sensory (S9b, S9c) areas, and all neocortical areas (S10). Up to stage 6, the disease could be asymptomatic. In all cases studied here, stage 7 individuals with two polymodal association areas affected by tau pathologic states were cognitively impaired. The relationship between NFD and Alzheimer-type dementia, and the criteria for a biochemical diagnosis of AD, are documented, and an association between AD and the extent of NFD in defined brain areas is shown.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DEE
                Journal ID (pmc): DEE
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1664-5464
                Title: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-5464
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2011
                Publication date Collection: January – December 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 January 2011
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 62-74
                Affiliations
                Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                *Kentaro Hirao, Department of Geriatric Medicine,Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 (Japan), Tel. +81 3 3342 6111, Fax +81 3 3342 2305, E-Mail kentaroh@tokyo-med.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: 323865 Pmcid ID: PMC3199879 Other ID: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2011;1:62–74
                DOI: 10.1159/000323865
                PMC ID: PMC3199879
                PubMed ID: 22163234
                SO-VID: 62f39879-5a04-433d-a65a-5226a4dda121
                Copyright © © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Open Access License: This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution permitted for non-commercial purposes only. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, Pages: 13
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Keywords: Alzheimerߣs disease,Regional cerebral blood flow,SPECT,Diabetes mellitus
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Neurosciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry, Public health
                Keywords: Alzheimerߣs disease, Regional cerebral blood flow, SPECT, Diabetes mellitus

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