Biometric Study of Eyelid Shape and Dimensions of Different Races with References to Beauty

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Abstract

There are few studies that evaluate the differences in the perception of beauty and attractiveness of different races or ethnicities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any actual differences in the configuration of beautiful eyes among different races.

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Symmetry Is Related to Sexual Dimorphism in Faces: Data Across Culture and Species

Anthony C. Little, Benedict Jones, Corri Waitt … (2008)

Background Many animals both display and assess multiple signals. Two prominently studied traits are symmetry and sexual dimorphism, which, for many animals, are proposed cues to heritable fitness benefits. These traits are associated with other potential benefits, such as fertility. In humans, the face has been extensively studied in terms of attractiveness. Faces have the potential to be advertisements of mate quality and both symmetry and sexual dimorphism have been linked to the attractiveness of human face shape. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that measurements of symmetry and sexual dimorphism from faces are related in humans, both in Europeans and African hunter-gatherers, and in a non-human primate. Using human judges, symmetry measurements were also related to perceived sexual dimorphism. In all samples, symmetric males had more masculine facial proportions and symmetric females had more feminine facial proportions. Conclusions/Significance Our findings support the claim that sexual dimorphism and symmetry in faces are signals advertising quality by providing evidence that there must be a biological mechanism linking the two traits during development. Such data also suggests that the signalling properties of faces are universal across human populations and are potentially phylogenetically old in primates.

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Men report stronger attraction to femininity in women's faces when their testosterone levels are high.

J. G. Smith, Lisa M. DeBruine, Lisa Welling … (2008)

Many studies have shown that women's judgments of men's attractiveness are affected by changes in levels of sex hormones. However, no studies have tested for associations between changes in levels of sex hormones and men's judgments of women's attractiveness. To investigate this issue, we compared men's attractiveness judgments of feminized and masculinized women's and men's faces in test sessions where salivary testosterone was high and test sessions where salivary testosterone was relatively low. Men reported stronger attraction to femininity in women's faces in test sessions where salivary testosterone was high than in test sessions where salivary testosterone was low. This effect was found to be specific to judgments of opposite-sex faces. The strength of men's reported attraction to femininity in men's faces did not differ between high and low testosterone test sessions, suggesting that the effect of testosterone that we observed for judgments of women's faces was not due to a general response bias. Collectively, these findings suggest that changes in testosterone levels contribute to the strength of men's reported attraction to femininity in women's faces and complement previous findings showing that testosterone modulates men's interest in sexual stimuli.

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Anthropometric analysis of eyebrows and eyelids: an inter-racial study.

T Sabesan, V. Ilankovan, J Kunjur (2006)

The shape of the eyebrow and upper eyelid are distinctive facial landmarks. In cosmetic and reconstructive operations, maintenance of the anatomical relations of these landmarks ensures a pleasing postoperative appearance. The measurements differ, however, among different ethnic groups. We studied the position of the eyebrow and eyelids in three different racial groups, white, Indian, and Chinese. The aim of the study was to quantify the position of the eyebrow and eyelids and to find out if there were significant differences among the races.