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      Temperature dependent stiffness and visco-elastic behaviour of lipid coated microbubbles using atomic force microscopy

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          Acoustic radiation force in vivo: a mechanism to assist targeting of microbubbles.

          The goal of targeted imaging is to produce an enhanced view of physiological processes or pathological tissue components. Contrast agents may improve the specificity of imaging modalities through selective targeting, and this may be particularly significant when using ultrasound (US) to image inflammatory processes or thrombi. One means of selective targeting involves the attachment of contrast agents to the desired site with the use of a specific binding mechanism. Because molecular binding mechanisms are effective over distances on the order of nanometers, targeting effectiveness would be greatly increased if the agent is initially concentrated in a particular region, and if the velocity of the agent is decreased as it passes the potential binding site. Ultrasonic transmission produces a primary radiation force that can manipulate microbubbles with each acoustic pulse. Observations demonstrate that primary radiation force can displace US contrast agents from the center of the streamline to the wall of a 200-microm cellulose vessel in vitro. Here, the effects of radiation force on contrast agents in vivo are presented for the first time. Experimental results demonstrate that radiation force can displace a contrast agent to the wall of a 50-microm blood vessel in the mouse cremaster muscle, can significantly reduce the velocity of flowing contrast agents, and can produce a reversible aggregation. Acoustic radiation force presents a means to localize and concentrate contrast agents near a vessel wall, which may assist the delivery of targeted agents.
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            On-chip generation of microbubbles as a practical technology for manufacturing contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging.

            This paper presents a new manufacturing method to generate monodisperse microbubble contrast agents with polydispersity index (sigma) values of <2% through microfluidic flow-focusing. Micron-sized lipid shell-based perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas microbubbles for use as ultrasound contrast agents were produced using this method. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based devices feature expanding nozzle geometry with a 7 microm orifice width, and are robust enough for consistent production of microbubbles with runtimes lasting several hours. With high-speed imaging, we characterized relationships between channel geometry, liquid flow rate Q, and gas pressure P in controlling bubble sizes. By a simple optimization of the channel geometry and Q and P, bubbles with a mean diameter of <5 microm can be obtained, ideal for various ultrasonic imaging applications. This method demonstrates the potential of microfluidics as an efficient means for custom-designing ultrasound contrast agents with precise size distributions, different gas compositions and new shell materials for stabilization, and for future targeted imaging and therapeutic applications.
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              Dissolution Behavior of Lipid Monolayer-Coated, Air-Filled Microbubbles:  Effect of Lipid Hydrophobic Chain Length

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                SMOABF
                Soft Matter
                Soft Matter
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                1744-683X
                1744-6848
                2012
                2012
                : 8
                : 5
                : 1321-1326
                Article
                10.1039/C1SM06578E
                63351ad8-a92b-439b-8d31-2bbe25fcd16a
                © 2012
                History

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