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      Virtual Reality and Metacognition Training Techniques for Learning Disabilities

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      Sustainability
      MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of brain-rewiring techniques applied in virtual reality environments as a pioneer intervention for people with learning disabilities and various disorders. In addition, we examine whether these VR-assisted techniques can improve metacognitive skills. Specifically, we emphasize the advantage of VR clinical hypnosis, VR neurolinguistic programming, VR subliminal training, VR fast learning, VR mindfulness, and VR breathing training. The results of this review study revealed that virtual reality provides a fertile ground for the practice of therapeutic metacognitive techniques. In addition, experimental research revealed beneficial effects on learning disabilities, cognitive impairments, autism, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), depression, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and behavioral and emotional disorders. It was revealed that VR brain-rewiring techniques constitute effective metacognitive strategies for people with various disorders. Therapists, educators, parents, and even patients could utilize VR brain-rewiring techniques at home, at school, or in the workplace to train the 21st-century meta-abilities. This study also highlights the need to create virtual metacognitive training environments to accelerate inclusion, equity, and peak performance.

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          Most cited references146

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          The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation.

          Research over the past two decades broadly supports the claim that mindfulness meditation - practiced widely for the reduction of stress and promotion of health - exerts beneficial effects on physical and mental health, and cognitive performance. Recent neuroimaging studies have begun to uncover the brain areas and networks that mediate these positive effects. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear, and it is apparent that more methodologically rigorous studies are required if we are to gain a full understanding of the neuronal and molecular bases of the changes in the brain that accompany mindfulness meditation.
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            Building long-term empathy: A large-scale comparison of traditional and virtual reality perspective-taking

            Virtual Reality (VR) has been increasingly referred to as the “ultimate empathy machine” since it allows users to experience any situation from any point of view. However, empirical evidence supporting the claim that VR is a more effective method of eliciting empathy than traditional perspective-taking is limited. Two experiments were conducted in order to compare the short and long-term effects of a traditional perspective-taking task and a VR perspective-taking task (Study 1), and to explore the role of technological immersion when it comes to different types of mediated perspective-taking tasks (Study 2). Results of Study 1 show that over the course of eight weeks participants in both conditions reported feeling empathetic and connected to the homeless at similar rates, however, participants who became homeless in VR had more positive, longer-lasting attitudes toward the homeless and signed a petition supporting the homeless at a significantly higher rate than participants who performed a traditional perspective-taking task. Study 2 compared three different types of perspective-taking tasks with different levels of immersion (traditional vs. desktop computer vs. VR) and a control condition (where participants received fact-driven information about the homeless). Results show that participants who performed any type of perspective-taking task reported feeling more empathetic and connected to the homeless than the participants who only received information. Replicating the results from Study 1, there was no difference in self-report measures for any of the perspective-taking conditions, however, a significantly higher number of participants in the VR condition signed a petition supporting affordable housing for the homeless compared to the traditional and less immersive conditions. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
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              Investigating learners’ attitudes toward virtual reality learning environments: Based on a constructivist approach

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                SUSTDE
                Sustainability
                Sustainability
                MDPI AG
                2071-1050
                August 2022
                August 16 2022
                : 14
                : 16
                : 10170
                Article
                10.3390/su141610170
                63391fac-f316-4122-a424-4d5f8b9bcda2
                © 2022

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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