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      Homocistinuria, reporte de un caso Translated title: Homocistinuria, relato de um caso Translated title: Homocystinuria, Case Report

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          Abstract

          Resumen: En este artículo se presenta el caso de una niña de 13 años con historia de cefalea de 2 años de evolución, la cual ha sido estudiada por subluxación del cristalino y fenotipo marfonoide. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se realizó una tomografía cerebral simple que evidenció trombosis de varios senos cerebrales. Posteriormente se hospitalizó a la paciente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, mientras se anticoagulaba con enoxaparina. Se solicitó un estudio para trombofilia junto con homocisteina en sangre, ante la sospecha de homocistinuria. Luego de confirmarse el diagnóstico se recetó piridoxina y ácido fólico, con lo cual la paciente evolucionó de manera satisfactoria y recuperó las funciones perdidas. El seguimiento de este caso para la investigación permitió encontrar una disminución mayor del 20 % de la homocisteina, sin que sus niveles estuvieran por debajo de 50 µmol/L, hecho que hace a la paciente respondedora parcial a la piridoxina.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Neste artigo, é apresentado o caso de uma menina de 13 anos, com história de cefaleia de dois anos de evolução, a qual tem sido estudada por subluxação do cristalino e fenótipo marfanoide. Para realizar a pesquisa, foi tomada uma tomografia cerebral simples que evidenciou trombose de vários seios cerebrais. Em seguida, a paciente foi internada na unidade de tratamento intensivo onde recebeu tratamento anticoagulante com enoxaparina. Foi solicitado um estudo para trombofilia junto com homocisteina em sangue, diante da suspeita de homocistinúria. Após o diagnóstico ter sido confirmado, foram receitados piridoxina e ácido fólico, com os quais o estado da paciente evoluiu de maneira satisfatória e ela recuperou as funções perdidas. O seguimento do caso para a pesquisa permitiu verificar uma diminuição maior de 20% da homocisteina, sem que seus niveis estivessem abaixo de 50 µmol/L, fato que torna a paciente apta parcialmente à piridoxina.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: This article presents the case of a 13-year-old girl with a 2-year history of headache, which has been studied for lens subluxation and Marfanoid phenotype. To carry out this research, a simple brain tomography was performed that showed thrombosis of several sinuses. Subsequently, the patient was hospitalized in the intensive care unit and anticoagulated with enoxaparin. A study was requested for thrombophilia along with homocysteine in blood, on suspicion of homocystinuria. After confirming the diagnosis, pyridoxin and folic acid were prescribed, with which the patient evolved satisfactorily and recovered lost functions. Follow-up on this case for the research allowed us to find a decrease in homocysteine greater than 20 %, without its levels being below 50 µmol/L, which makes the patient partially responsive to pyridoxine.

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          Most cited references21

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          Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the United States.

          Few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a general population or have included a biochemical marker of current smoking. To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and homocysteine levels. Cross-sectional study. The U.S. general population. 4187 current smokers, 4791 former smokers, and 8375 never-smokers 18 years of age or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. Serum C-reactive protein levels were categorized as detectable (2.2 to 9.9 mg/L) or clinically elevated (> or =10 mg/L), and fibrinogen and homocysteine levels were defined as elevated if in the 85th percentile or greater (11.1 micromol/L and 12.7 mmol/L, respectively). After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, cigarette smoking was related to elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and homocysteine. Compared with never smoking cigarettes, self-reported current cigarette smoking was associated with a C-reactive protein level in the detectable (odds ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40 to 1.97]; P < 0.001) or clinically elevated (odds ratio, 1.98 [CI, 1.57 to 2.51]; P < 0.001) ranges, with elevated levels of fibrinogen (odds ratio, 2.15 [CI, 1.65 to 2.80]; P < 0.001) and homocysteine (odds ratio, 2.10 [CI, 1.62 to 2.74]; P < 0.001). There were positive and significant dose-response relationships between measures of cigarette smoking (cigarettes per day, pack-years, and serum cotinine levels) and elevated levels of novel risk factors. These findings suggest that inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes atherosclerotic disease.
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            Coexistence of hereditary homocystinuria and factor V Leiden--effect on thrombosis.

            Venous and arterial thromboembolism occurs in only about one third of patients homozygous for homocystinuria, which suggests that other, contributory factors are necessary for the development of thrombosis in these patients. Factor V Leiden, an R506Q mutation in the gene coding for factor V, is the most common cause of familial thrombosis and could be a potentiating factor. We determined activated partial-thromboplastin times in the presence and absence of activated protein C and tested for the factor V Leiden mutation in 45 members of seven unrelated consanguineous kindreds in which at least 1 member was homozygous for homocystinuria. Thrombosis (venous, arterial, or both) occurred in 6 of 11 patients with homocystinuria (age, 0.2 to 8 years). All six also had the factor V Leiden mutation. One patient with prenatally diagnosed homocystinuria who was also heterozygous for factor V Leiden has received warfarin therapy since birth and has not had thrombosis (age, 18 months). Of four patients with homocystinuria who did not have factor V Leiden, none had thrombosis (ages at this writing, 1 to 17 years). Three women who were heterozygous for both homocystinuria and factor V Leiden had recurrent fetal loss and placental infarctions. Patients with concurrent homocystinuria and factor V Leiden can have an increased risk of thrombosis. Screening for factor V Leiden may be indicated in patient with homocystinuria and their family members.
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              Psychiatric manifestations of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: prevalence, natural history, and relationship to neurologic impairment and vitamin B6-responsiveness.

              Homocystinuria commonly affects the central nervous system (CNS), primarily as mental retardation, seizures, and stroke. Case reports have long suggested a predisposition to schizophrenia, but no careful study of predisposition to psychiatric illness has been performed. Accordingly, we evaluated 63 persons with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency for psychiatric disturbance, intelligence, evidence of other CNS problems, and responsiveness to vitamin B6. The overall rate of clinically significant psychiatric disorders was 51%, predominated by four diagnostic categories: episodic depression (10%), chronic disorders of behavior (17%), chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (5%), and personality disorders (19%). The average IQ was 80 +/- 27 (1 SD); and an IQ of less than or equal to 79 was two-thirds more common among vitamin B6-nonresponsive patients compared to vitamin B6-responsive patients. Aggressive behavior and other disorders of conduct were particularly common among patients with mental retardation and among vitamin B6-nonresponsive patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                med
                Revista Med
                rev.fac.med
                Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Facultad de Medicina (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0121-5256
                1909-7700
                June 2019
                : 27
                : 1
                : 73-84
                Affiliations
                [1] Bogotá orgnameHospital El Tunal juanj.lopezp26@ 123456yahoo.es
                [2] orgnameHospital El Tunal
                Article
                S0121-52562019000100073 S0121-5256(19)02700100073
                10.18359/rmed.4116
                63481b23-62d3-4f6c-ba5a-57096c88fa88

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 December 2018
                : 15 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Reporte de caso

                Cerebral venous thrombosis,lens subluxation,homocystinuria,subluxação cristalina,cistationina B-sintasa,homocistinúria,trombose venosa cerebral,subluxación cristalina,homocistinuria,trombosis venosa cerebral,cystathionine B-synthase

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