45
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Towards Web 3.0: Taxonomies and ontologies for medical education - a systematic review

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction: Both for curricular development and mapping, as well as for orientation within the mounting supply of learning resources in medical education, the Semantic Web ("Web 3.0") poses a low-threshold, effective tool that enables identification of content related items across system boundaries. Replacement of the currently required manual with an automatically generated link, which is based on content and semantics, requires the use of a suitably structured vocabulary for a machine-readable description of object content.

          Aim of this study is to compile the existing taxonomies and ontologies used for the annotation of medical content and learning resources, to compare those using selected criteria, and to verify their suitability in the context described above.

          Methods: Based on a systematic literature search, existing taxonomies and ontologies for the description of medical learning resources were identified. Through web searches and/or direct contact with the respective editors, each of the structured vocabularies thus identified were examined in regards to topic, structure, language, scope, maintenance, and technology of the taxonomy/ontology. In addition, suitability for use in the Semantic Web was verified.

          Results: Among 20 identified publications, 14 structured vocabularies were identified, which differed rather strongly in regards to language, scope, currency, and maintenance.

          None of the identified vocabularies fulfilled the necessary criteria for content description of medical curricula and learning resources in the German-speaking world.

          Discussion: While moving towards Web 3.0, a significant problem lies in the selection and use of an appropriate German vocabulary for the machine-readable description of object content. Possible solutions include development, translation and/or combination of existing vocabularies, possibly including partial translations of English vocabularies.

          Translated abstract

          Einleitung: Sowohl für die Curriculumsentwicklung und –kartierung als auch zur Orientierung innerhalb der seit Jahren zunehmenden Fülle von Lernressourcen in der medizinischen Ausbildung stellt das semantische Web („Web 3.0“) ein niedrigschwelliges, effektives Hilfsmittel dar, das es ermöglicht, inhaltlich verwandte Elemente über Systemgrenzen hinweg zu identifizieren. Voraussetzung dafür ist der Einsatz eines geeigneten strukturierten Vokabulars zur maschinenlesbaren, inhaltlichen Beschreibung von Objekten, um die bisher notwendige manuelle Verknüpfung durch eine automatisch erzeugte, inhaltsbasierte bzw. semantische Verknüpfung zu ersetzen.

          Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, existierende Taxonomien und Ontologien zur Annotation medizinischer Lernressourcen und -inhalte zusammenzustellen und anhand ausgewählter Kriterien zu vergleichen sowie auf ihre Eignung zum Einsatz im eingangs beschriebenen Kontext zu überprüfen.

          Methoden: Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden existierende Taxonomien und Ontologien zur Beschreibung medizinischer Lernressourcen identifiziert. Für jedes so identifizierte strukturierte Vokabular wurden mittels Websuche und/oder Kontakt zu den Herausgebern Thema, Struktur, Sprache, Umfang, Wartung und Technik der Taxonomie/Ontologie ermittelt und deren Eignung für den Einsatz im semantischen Web überprüft.

          Ergebnisse: In 20 identifizierten Publikationen wurden 14 strukturierte Vokabulare identifiziert, die sich in Sprache, Umfang, Aktualität und Wartung zum Teil sehr stark unterschieden.

          Keines der identifizierten Vokabulare erfüllte die erforderlichen Kriterien zur inhaltlichen Beschreibung medizinischer Ausbildungsinhalte und Lernressourcen im deutschsprachigen Raum.

          Diskussion: Auf dem Weg zum Web 3.0 stellen Auswahl und Einsatz eines geeigneten, deutschsprachigen Vokabulars zur maschinenlesbaren, inhaltlichen Beschreibung von Objekten ein relevantes Problem dar. Mögliche Lösungsansätze umfassen die Neuentwicklung, die Übersetzung und/ oder die Kombination vorhandener Vokabulare, ggf. mit einer teilweisen Übersetzung englischsprachiger Vokabulare.

          Related collections

          Most cited references18

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Computerized virtual patients in health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Educators increasingly use virtual patients (computerized clinical case simulations) in health professions training. The authors summarize the effect of virtual patients compared with no intervention and alternate instructional methods, and elucidate features of effective virtual patient design. The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsychINFO, and Scopus through February 2009 for studies describing virtual patients for practicing and student physicians, nurses, and other health professionals. Reviewers, working in duplicate, abstracted information on instructional design and outcomes. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. Four qualitative, 18 no-intervention controlled, 21 noncomputer instruction-comparative, and 11 computer-assisted instruction-comparative studies were found. Heterogeneity was large (I²>50%) in most analyses. Compared with no intervention, the pooled effect size (95% confidence interval; number of studies) was 0.94 (0.69 to 1.19; N=11) for knowledge outcomes, 0.80 (0.52 to 1.08; N=5) for clinical reasoning, and 0.90 (0.61 to 1.19; N=9) for other skills. Compared with noncomputer instruction, pooled effect size (positive numbers favoring virtual patients) was -0.17 (-0.57 to 0.24; N=8) for satisfaction, 0.06 (-0.14 to 0.25; N=5) for knowledge, -0.004 (-0.30 to 0.29; N=10) for reasoning, and 0.10 (-0.21 to 0.42; N=11) for other skills. Comparisons of different virtual patient designs suggest that repetition until demonstration of mastery, advance organizers, enhanced feedback, and explicitly contrasting cases can improve learning outcomes. Virtual patients are associated with large positive effects compared with no intervention. Effects in comparison with noncomputer instruction are on average small. Further research clarifying how to effectively implement virtual patients is needed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            AMEE Guide No. 21: Curriculum mapping: a tool for transparent and authentic teaching and learning.

            R Harden (2001)
            The curriculum is a sophisticated blend of educational strategies, course content, learning outcomes, educational experiences, assessment, the educational environment and the individual students' learning style, personal timetable and programme of work. Curriculum mapping can help both staff and students by displaying these key elements of the curriculum, and the relationships between them. Students can identify what, when, where and how they can learn. Staff can be clear about their role in the big picture. The scope and sequence of student learning is made explicit, links with assessment are clarified and curriculum planning becomes more effective and efficient. In this way the curriculum is more transparent to all the stakeholders including the teachers, the students, the curriculum developer, the manager, the public and the researcher. The windows through which the curriculum map can be explored may include: (1) the expected learning outcomes; (2) curriculum content or areas of expertise covered; (3) student assessment; (4) learning opportunities; (5) learning location; (6) learning resources; (7) timetable; (8) staff; (9) curriculum management; (10) students. Nine steps are described in the development of a curriculum map and practical suggestions are made as to how curriculum maps can be introduced in practice to the benefit of all concerned. The key to a really effective integrated curriculum is to get teachers to exchange information about what is being taught and to coordinate this so that it reflects the overall goals of the school. This can be achieved through curriculum mapping, which has become an essential tool for the implementation and development of a curriculum. Faced with curricula which are becoming more centralized and less departmentally based, and with curricula including both core and optional elements, the teacher may find that the curriculum map is the glue which holds the curriculum together.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Book: not found

              Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Webby its Inventor

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ausbildung
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1860-7446
                1860-3572
                21 February 2013
                2013
                : 30
                : 1 , Einsatz von Social Media und Web 2.0 in der (tier/zahn)medizinischen Aus- und Fortbildung
                : Doc13
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus, Berlin, Germany
                [2 ]Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Curriculum Management, Learning Center, Berlin, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Wolf E. Blaum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Curriculum Management, Learning Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)30/450-576003, Fax: +49 (0)30/450/576952, E-mail: wolf.blaum@ 123456charite.de
                Article
                zma000856 Doc13 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0008568
                10.3205/zma000856
                3589681
                23467484
                634cb79f-5b0c-44f1-9e38-892f0df2160b
                Copyright © 2013 Blaum et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 29 June 2003
                : 12 October 2012
                : 05 September 2012
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                curricular mapping,medical education,semantic web,web 3.0,taxonom,ontology,curriculum charting,e-learning,new media

                Comments

                Comment on this article