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      Differences in oxidative stress profile in adolescents smoking waterpipe versus cigarettes: The Irbid TRY Project

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          Abstract

          Waterpipe (Wp) tobacco smoking is widely spreading, especially among adolescents. It has also been associated with organ damage and disease risk resulting from oxidative stress. However, no studies have examined the effect of smoking Wp on oxidative stress among adolescents. In the current study, we evaluated serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and activities of antioxidant enzymes between adolescents smoking cigarette (Cg only), Wp only, both (CgWp) versus never. The results showed higher GSSG levels in the Cg only, Wp only, and CgWp versus the none group. Similarly, the activity of GPx was greater in the Cg only versus the Wp only and CgWp. The activity of catalase was higher in the Wp only/CgWp groups versus none. No main effect of smoking on GSH, or GSH/GSSH, SOD, or TBARS was detected. In conclusion, Wp smoking among adolescents is associated with induction of stress oxidative to a similar extend of Cg smoking. Interventions and studies for smoking cessation and harm reduction that target Wp smoking among adolescents are needed.

          Abstract

          Waterpipe (Wp) tobacco smoking is widely spreading, especially among adolescents. In the current study, we evaluated serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and activities of antioxidant enzymes between adolescents smoking cigarette (Cg only), Wp smoking among adolescents is associated with induction of stress oxidative to a similar extend of Cg smoking. Interventions and studies for smoking cessation and harm reduction that target Wp smoking among adolescents are needed.

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          Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Disease: Untangling Ariadne’s Thread

          Amplification of oxidative stress is present since the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), holding a key position in the pathogenesis of renal failure. Induction of renal pro-oxidant enzymes with excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulation of dityrosine-containing protein products produced during oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products—AOPPs) have been directly linked to podocyte damage, proteinuria, and the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Vascular oxidative stress is considered to play a critical role in CKD progression, and ROS are potential mediators of the impaired myogenic responses of afferent renal arterioles in CKD and impaired renal autoregulation. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are CKD hallmarks. Oxidative stress promotes inflammation via formation of proinflammatory oxidized lipids or AOPPs, whereas activation of nuclear factor κB transcription factor in the pro-oxidant milieu promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of proinflammatory cells. Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress in various clinical models of CKD, including diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease as well as the cardiorenal syndrome. The scope of this review is to tackle the issue of oxidative stress in CKD in a holistic manner so as to provide a future framework for potential interventions.
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            The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis: Table 1.

            A systematic review conducted in 2008 found significant associations between waterpipe tobacco smoking and lung cancer, respiratory disease, periodontal disease and low birthweight. Since then, a number of relevant studies have been published. The objective of this study was to update the systematic review on the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes.
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              Oxidative stress in chronic lung disease: From mitochondrial dysfunction to dysregulated redox signaling

              The lung is a delicate organ with a large surface area that is continuously exposed to the external environment, and is therefore highly vulnerable to exogenous sources of oxidative stress. In addition, each of its approximately 40 cell types can also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), as byproducts of cellular metabolism and in a more regulated manner by NOX enzymes with functions in host defense, immune regulation, and cell proliferation or differentiation. To effectively regulate the biological actions of exogenous and endogenous ROS, various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems are present in all lung cell types to provide adequate protection against their injurious effects and to allow for appropriate ROS-mediated biological signaling. Acute and chronic lung diseases are commonly thought to be associated with increased oxidative stress, evidenced by altered cellular or extracellular redox status, increased irreversible oxidative modifications in proteins or DNA, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered expression or activity of NOX enzymes and antioxidant enzyme systems. However, supplementation strategies with generic antioxidants has proven minimally successful in prevention or treatment of lung disease, most likely due to their inability to distinguish between harmful and beneficial actions of ROS. Recent studies have attempted to identify specific redox-based mechanisms that may mediate chronic lung disease, such as allergic asthma or pulmonary fibrosis, which provide opportunities for selective redox-based therapeutic strategies that may be useful in treatment of these diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                khalzoubi@just.edu.jo
                Journal
                Physiol Rep
                Physiol Rep
                10.1002/(ISSN)2051-817X
                PHY2
                physreports
                Physiological Reports
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2051-817X
                30 July 2020
                July 2020
                : 8
                : 14 ( doiID: 10.1002/phy2.v8.14 )
                : e14512
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Physical Education Qatar University Doha Qatar
                [ 2 ] Division of Physical Therapy Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
                [ 3 ] Department of Clinical Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
                [ 4 ] Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Karem H. Alzoubi, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

                Email: khalzoubi@ 123456just.edu.jo

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-5946
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-5099
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-3104
                Article
                PHY214512
                10.14814/phy2.14512
                7484827
                639e6134-d4e4-43aa-865b-b20f60ca9f16
                © 2020 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 May 2020
                : 25 June 2020
                : 25 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Pages: 9, Words: 6187
                Funding
                Funded by: Jordan University of Science and Technology , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100004035;
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                July 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.0 mode:remove_FC converted:11.09.2020

                cigarettes,oxidative stress,smoking,waterpipe
                cigarettes, oxidative stress, smoking, waterpipe

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