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      Occurrence of emerging contaminants in environmental surface waters and their analytical methodology – a review

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          Abstract

          A new concern about surface water quality is the occurrence of emerging contaminants that have being recognized as a new class of water contaminants such as antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, personal care products and pharmaceutical products. The occurrence of these contaminants in the aquatic environment and especially in surface water is a serious concern because this is usually the source of water for drinking water treatment plants (DWTP). This review provides a summary of the occurrence and the analytical methodology (extraction process, chromatography analysis, detection systems and ionization source) of emerging contaminant analysis in surface waters including rivers, lakes, creeks and wetlands for their analysis.

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          A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment.

          Yunlong Luo, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo … (2014)
          Micropollutants are emerging as a new challenge to the scientific community. This review provides a summary of the recent occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment including sewage, surface water, groundwater and drinking water. The discharge of treated effluent from WWTPs is a major pathway for the introduction of micropollutants to surface water. WWTPs act as primary barriers against the spread of micropollutants. WWTP removal efficiency of the selected micropollutants in 14 countries/regions depicts compound-specific variation in removal, ranging from 12.5 to 100%. Advanced treatment processes, such as activated carbon adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane bioreactors can achieve higher and more consistent micropollutant removal. However, regardless of what technology is employed, the removal of micropollutants depends on physico-chemical properties of micropollutants and treatment conditions. The evaluation of micropollutant removal from municipal wastewater should cover a series of aspects from sources to end uses. After the release of micropollutants, a better understanding and modeling of their fate in surface water is essential for effectively predicting their impacts on the receiving environment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 415 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring.

            Bruce Petrie, Ruth Barden, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern (2015)
            This review identifies understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment, and recommends direction for future monitoring. Non-regulated trace organic ECs including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products are focused on due to ongoing policy initiatives and the expectant broadening of environmental legislation. These ECs are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, mainly derived from the discharge of municipal wastewater effluents. Their presence is of concern due to the possible ecological impact (e.g., endocrine disruption) to biota within the environment. To better understand their fate in wastewaters and in the environment, a standardised approach to sampling is needed. This ensures representative data is attained and facilitates a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends of EC occurrence. During wastewater treatment, there is a lack of suspended particulate matter analysis due to further preparation requirements and a lack of good analytical approaches. This results in the under-reporting of several ECs entering wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) and the aquatic environment. Also, sludge can act as a concentrating medium for some chemicals during wastewater treatment. The majority of treated sludge is applied directly to agricultural land without analysis for ECs. As a result there is a paucity of information on the fate of ECs in soils and consequently, there has been no driver to investigate the toxicity to exposed terrestrial organisms. Therefore a more holistic approach to environmental monitoring is required, such that the fate and impact of ECs in all exposed environmental compartments are studied. The traditional analytical approach of applying targeted screening with low resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., triple quadrupoles) results in numerous chemicals such as transformation products going undetected. These can exhibit similar toxicity to the parent EC, demonstrating the necessity of using an integrated analytical approach which compliments targeted and non-targeted screening with biological assays to measure ecological impact. With respect to current toxicity testing protocols, failure to consider the enantiomeric distribution of chiral compounds found in the environment, and the possible toxicological differences between enantiomers is concerning. Such information is essential for the development of more accurate environmental risk assessment.
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              Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment

              Anekwe Jennifer Ebele, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, Stuart Harrad (2017)
              Article 0 comments Cited 282 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Water Supply
                Publisher: IWA Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 1606-9749
                ISSN (Electronic): 1607-0798
                Publication date Created: November 01 2019
                Publication date Created: June 10 2019
                Publication date (Print): November 01 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): June 10 2019
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 1871-1884
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, (CIATEJ), Ave. Normalistas 800 Colinas de la normal, 44270, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
                [2 ]Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, (UNAM) Circuito escolar s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CDMX, 04510, México
                [3 ]Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, (UPEMOR), Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac 566 Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec Morelos, 62550, México
                Article
                DOI: 10.2166/ws.2019.087
                SO-VID: 63ec3841-60a7-4be6-a486-0c3e58639abb
                Copyright statement: © 2019
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                Self URI (article page): https://iwaponline.com/ws/article/19/7/1871/67928/Occurrence-of-emerging-contaminants-in
                Self URI (pdf): http://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/19/7/1871/661288/ws019071871.pdf

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