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      EXERCISE EFFECT ON PLACENTAL COMPONENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS Translated title: EFECTO DEL EJERCICIO EN COMPONENTES PLACENTARIOS: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y META-ANÁLISIS Translated title: EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO NOS COMPONENTES PLACENTÁRIOS: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E META-ANÁLISE

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          Abstract

          Physical exercise has been demonstrated a positive effect on many pregnancy outcomes. Placental components are important for exchanging oxygen and nutrients between mother and fetus. This study aimed to systematic review and meta-analysis whether physical exercise could induce a morphological adjustment on placenta components. We systematically searched PubMed database until October 30th, 2014. We included randomized and non-randomized studies with control group, which aimed to investigate the effect of the physical exercise (water, aerobic and resistance) on placental components (placental weight and volume, villous volume and vascular volume, intervillous space and stem villi). Initially, we identified 222 articles, of which 9 articles were used for full text analysis. Finally, four articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated that exercise appeared to affect placental weight (95% CI, 39.73g [4.66-74.80]), placental volume (95% CI, 47.11 cm3 [37.99-56.23]), intervillous space (95% CI, 16.76 cm3 [12.66-20.68]), villous volume (95% CI, 46.01 cm3 [40.21-51.81]), villous vascular volume (95% CI, 15.95 cm3 [7.83-24.07]) and stem villi (95% CI, 6.00 cm3[4.25-7.75]). Apparently, physical exercise has a positive effect on placental components. However, this conclusion is based on a limited number of studies. Clearly, it stands the necessity of larger samples and better methodology quality.

          Translated abstract

          El ejercicio físico ha demostrado efecto positivo en los muchos resultados del embarazo. Los componentes de la placenta son importantes para el intercambio de oxígeno y nutrientes entre la madre y el feto. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar de forma sistemática y realizar un meta-análisis para comprobar si el ejercicio físico puede inducir la adaptación morfológica en los componentes de la placenta. La encuesta se realizó sistemáticamente en la base de datos PubMed hasta 30 de octubre de 2014. Se incluyeron ensayos aleatorios y no aleatorizados con grupo control, que tenían como objetivo investigar el efecto del ejercicio físico (agua, aeróbico y de resistencia) en los componentes de la placenta (peso y volumen de la placenta, el volumen vascular y volumen velloso, espacio intervelloso y troncos vellosos). Inicialmente, se identificaron 222 artículos, de los cuales nueve artículos fueron utilizados para el análisis de texto completo. Finalmente, cuatro artículos fueron incluidos en la revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. El meta-análisis mostró que el ejercicio parece afectar el peso de la placenta (IC del 95%, 39,73g [4,66-74,80]), el volumen de la placenta (IC del 95%, 47,11 cm3 [37,99-56,23]), el espacio intervelloso (IC del 95%, 16,76 cm3 [12,66-20,68]), el volumen velloso (IC del 95%, 46,01 cm3 [40,21-51,81]), el volumen vascular velloso (95 IC%, 15,95 cm3 [7,83-24,07]) y el tronco velloso (IC 95%, 6,00 cm3 [4,25-7,75]). Aparentemente, el ejercicio físico tiene un efecto positivo sobre los componentes de la placenta. Sin embargo, esta conclusión se basa en un número limitado de estudios. Claramente, hay una necesidad para mayores tamaños de muestra y una mejor calidad de la metodología.

          Translated abstract

          O exercício físico tem demonstrado efeito positivo nos muitos desfechos da gravidez. Componentes da placenta são importantes para a troca de oxigênio e nutrientes entre mãe e feto. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar de forma sistemática e realizar uma meta-análise para verificar se o exercício físico pode induzir um ajuste morfológico nos componentes da placenta. A pesquisa foi feita sistematicamente no banco de dados PubMed até 30 de outubro de 2014. Foram incluídos estudos randomizados e não-randomizados com grupo controle, que tiveram como objetivo investigar o efeito do exercício físico (água, aeróbico e resistência) em componentes da placenta (peso e volume placentário, volume vascular e volume viloso, espaço interviloso e troncos vilosos). Inicialmente, identificamos 222 artigos, dos quais nove artigos foram utilizados para a análise de texto completo. Por último, quatro artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática e meta-análise. A meta-análise demostrou que o exercício parece afetar o peso da placenta (95% IC, 39,73g [4,66-74,80]), o volume placentário (IC 95%, 47,11 cm3 [37,99-56,23]), o espaço interviloso (IC 95%, 16,76 cm3 [12,66-20,68]), o volume viloso (IC 95%, 46,01 cm3 [40,21-51,81]), o volume vascular viloso (95% IC, 15,95 cm3 [7,83-24,07]) e o tronco viloso (95% IC, 6,00 cm3[4,25-7,75]). Aparentemente, o exercício físico tem efeito positivo sobre os componentes da placenta. No entanto, esta conclusão é baseada em um número limitado de estudos. Claramente, destaca-se a necessidade de amostras maiores e melhor qualidade de metodologia.

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          Efficacy of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain: a meta-analysis.

          Multimodal treatment of postoperative pain using adjuncts such as gabapentin is becoming more common. Pregabalin has anti-hyperalgesic properties similar to gabapentin. In this systematic review, we evaluated randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) for the analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing effect of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain. A systematic search of Medline (1966-2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar was performed. We identified 11 valid RCTs that used pregabalin for acute postoperative pain. Postoperative pain intensity was not reduced by pregabalin. Cumulative opioid consumption at 24 h was significantly decreased with pregabalin. At pregabalin doses of <300 mg, there was a reduction of 8.8 mg [weighted mean difference (WMD)]. At pregabalin doses ≥300 mg, cumulative opioid consumption was even lower (WMD, -13.4 mg). Pregabalin reduced opioid-related adverse effects such as vomiting [risk ratio (RR) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.95]. However, the risk of visual disturbance was greater (RR 3.29; 95% CI 1.95-5.57). Perioperative pregabalin administration reduced opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects after surgery.
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            Exercise in pregnancy: effect on fitness and obstetric outcomes-a randomized trial.

            A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the benefits and possible risks of aerobic exercise during pregnancy, using a fitness regimen based on the 2002 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines for exercise during pregnancy.
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              Beginning regular exercise in early pregnancy: effect on fetoplacental growth.

              Our purpose was to test the null hypothesis that beginning regular, moderate-intensity exercise in early pregnancy has no effect on fetoplacental growth. Forty-six women who did not exercise regularly were randomly assigned at 8 weeks either to no exercise (n = 24) or to weight-bearing exercise (n = 22) 3 to 5 times a week for the remainder of pregnancy. Outcome variables included antenatal placental growth rate and neonatal and placental morphometric measurements. The offspring of the exercising women were significantly heavier (corrected birth weight: 3.75 +/- 0.08 kg vs 3.49 +/- 0.07 kg) and longer (51.8 +/- 0.3 cm vs 50.6 +/- 0.3 cm) than those born to control women. The difference in birth weight was the result of an increase in both lean body mass and fat mass. In addition, midtrimester placental growth rate was faster (26 +/- 2 cm(3)/wk vs 21 +/- 1 cm(3)/wk) and morphometric indexes of placental function were greater in the exercise group. There were no significant differences in neonatal percentage body fat, head circumference, ponderal index, or maternal weight gain. These data indicate that beginning a moderate regimen of weight-bearing exercise in early pregnancy enhances fetoplacental growth.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbme
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
                Rev Bras Med Esporte
                Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte (São Paulo )
                1806-9940
                December 2015
                : 21
                : 6
                : 485-489
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade São Judas Tadeu Brazil
                Article
                S1517-86922015000600485
                10.1590/1517-869220152106142913
                6411f651-83d8-48c3-878b-1264e58b2b81

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-8692&lng=en
                Categories
                PHYSIOLOGY
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine,Anatomy & Physiology
                placenta,chorionic villi,physical exertion,pregnancy,vellosidades coriónicas,esfuerzo físico,embarazo,vilosidades coriônicas,esforço físico,gravidez

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