Enzyme immobilization: an overview on techniques and support materials

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Abstract

The current demands of the world’s biotechnological industries are enhancement in enzyme productivity and development of novel techniques for increasing their shelf life. These requirements are inevitable to facilitate large-scale and economic formulation. Enzyme immobilization provides an excellent base for increasing availability of enzyme to the substrate with greater turnover over a considerable period of time. Several natural and synthetic supports have been assessed for their efficiency for enzyme immobilization. Nowadays, immobilized enzymes are preferred over their free counterpart due to their prolonged availability that curtails redundant downstream and purification processes. Future investigations should endeavor at adopting logistic and sensible entrapment techniques along with innovatively modified supports to improve the state of enzyme immobilization and provide new perspectives to the industrial sector.

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for bioadsorption, enzyme immobilisation, and delivery carriers.

Sandy Hartono, Frances Stahr, Jian Liu … (2011)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) provide a non-invasive and biocompatible delivery platform for a broad range of applications in therapeutics, pharmaceuticals and diagnosis. The creation of smart, stimuli-responsive systems that respond to subtle changes in the local cellular environment are likely to yield long term solutions to many of the current drug/gene/DNA/RNA delivery problems. In addition, MSNs have proven to be promising supports for enzyme immobilisation, enabling the enzymes to retain their activity, affording them greater potential for wide applications in biocatalysis and energy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the advances made in the last decade and a future outlook on possible applications of MSNs as nanocontainers for storage and delivery of biomolecules. We discuss some of the important factors affecting the adsorption and release of biomolecules in MSNs and review of the cytotoxicity aspects of such nanomaterials. The review also highlights some promising work on enzyme immobilisation using mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

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Characteristic features and biotechnological applications of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs)

Roger A. Sheldon (2011)

Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have many economic and environmental benefits in the context of industrial biocatalysis. They are easily prepared from crude enzyme extracts, and the costs of (often expensive) carriers are circumvented. They generally exhibit improved storage and operational stability towards denaturation by heat, organic solvents, and autoproteolysis and are stable towards leaching in aqueous media. Furthermore, they have high catalyst productivities (kilograms product per kilogram biocatalyst) and are easy to recover and recycle. Yet another advantage derives from the possibility to co-immobilize two or more enzymes to provide CLEAs that are capable of catalyzing multiple biotransformations, independently or in sequence as catalytic cascade processes.

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Enzyme-functionalized mesoporous silica for bioanalytical applications.

Cristina Ispas, Igor Sokolov, Silvana Andreescu (2009)

The unique properties of mesoporous silica materials (MPs) have attracted substantial interest for use as enzyme-immobilization matrices. These features include high surface area, chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability, highly uniform pore distribution and tunable pore size, high adsorption capacity, and an ordered porous network for free diffusion of substrates and reaction products. Research demonstrated that enzymes encapsulated or entrapped in MPs retain their biocatalytic activity and are more stable than enzymes in solution. This review discusses recent advances in the study and use of mesoporous silica for enzyme immobilization and application in biosensor technology. Different types of MPs, their morphological and structural characteristics, and strategies used for their functionalization with enzymes are discussed. Finally, prospective and potential benefits of these materials for bioanalytical applications and biosensor technology are also presented.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Sumitra Datta: +91-7418121601 , +91-4362264120 , sumitra.datta@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): 3 Biotech

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): 3 Biotech

Title: 3 Biotech

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Electronic): 2190-5738

Publication date (Electronic): 6 June 2012

Publication date PMC-release: 6 June 2012

Publication date (Print): February 2013

Volume: 3

Issue: 1

Pages: 1-9

Affiliations

School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Shanmuga Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy (SASTRA) University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401 Tamilnadu India

Article

Publisher ID: 71

DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0071-7

PMC ID: 3563746

PubMed ID: 28324347

SO-VID: 642bf77b-b5be-462d-9d65-ac763ee618bf

License:

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.