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      Dosificación de vancomicina en pacientes sometidos a diálisis intermitente. Elaboración de un protocolo de dosificación inicial Translated title: Vancomycin dosage in patients undergoing intermittent dialysis. Preparation of an initial dosage protocol

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Revisar la dosis inicial de vancomicina en pacientes en hemodiálisis intermitente, para establecer un protocolo de dosificación que permita alcanzar una concentración pre-diálisis óptima (15-20 µg/ml) tras la dosis de carga y primera dosis de mantenimiento. Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, unicéntrico en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD) que recibieron vancomicina durante la última hora de la sesión entre septiembre de 2010 y enero de 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 87 pacientes, considerando el valor óptimo de Cmin=15-20 µg/ml, solo el 12,6% de los pacientes tras la dosis de carga y el 18,4% tras la dosis de mantenimiento alcanzaron el valor de referencia. Conclusiones: La pauta empírica inicial de vancomicina fue insuficiente en la mayoría de los pacientes para alcanzar concentraciones óptimas desde el inicio del tratamiento, por lo que se propone un nuevo protocolo de dosificación adaptado al peso del paciente.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Objective: To review the initial dosage of vancomycin in patients on intermittent hemodialysis, to establish a dosing protocol that allows reaching an optimal pre-dialysis concentration (15-20 µg/ml) after loading dose and first maintenance dose. Method: Observational, retrospective, unicentric study in which all hemodialysis (HD) patients who received vancomycin, during the last hour of the session, between September 2010 and January 2018, were included. Results: 87 patients were included, considering the value optimal Cmin=15-20 µg/ml, only 12.6% of the patients after the loading dose and 18.4% after the maintenance dose reached the reference value. Conclusions: The initial empirical regimen of vancomycin was insufficient in most patients to reach optimal concentrations from the beginning of treatment, so a new dosing protocol adapted to the patient's weight is proposed.

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          Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: a consensus review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.

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            Impact of vancomycin exposure on outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: support for consensus guidelines suggested targets.

            High rates of vancomycin failure in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been increasingly reported over time. The primary objective of our study was to determine the impact of vancomycin exposure and outcomes in patients with MRSA bacteremia initially treated with vancomycin. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 320 patients with documented MRSA bacteremia initially treated with vancomycin from January 2005 through April 2010. Two methods of susceptibility, Etest and broth microdilution, were performed for all isolates to determine the correlation of susceptibility testing to patient outcomes. Among a cohort of 320 patients, more than half (52.5%) experienced vancomycin failure. Independent predictors of vancomycin failure in logistic regression included infective endocarditis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.26-9.15), nosocomial-acquired infection (AOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.21-3.97), initial vancomycin trough 1 mg/L by Etest (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.49). With use of Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis, patients with vancomycin area under the curve at 24 h (AUC(24h)) to MIC ratios 421 (61.2% vs 48.6%; P = .038). In light of the high failure rates associated with this antimicrobial, optimizing the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin by targeting higher trough values of 15-20 mg/L and AUC(24h)/MIC ratios ≥400 in selected patients should be considered.
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              Use of vancomycin in high-flux hemodialysis: experience with 130 courses of therapy.

              Vancomycin is often administered to hemodialysis patients at long dosage intervals because its removal by hemodialysis is considered to be negligible. We and others, however, have demonstrated significant removal of vancomycin by high-flux hemodialysis. This report describes our experience with 89 courses of vancomycin using a revised regimen with a loading dose followed by 500 mg doses after each dialysis treatment, and compares results with 41 courses using single weekly dosing. All patients were dialyzed with high-flux membranes using volumetric ultrafiltration and bicarbonate dialysate. Serum vancomycin levels were obtained two hours after completion of infusion (peak) and immediately prior to dialysis (trough) and were measured by Abbot TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Duration of multiple-dose therapy was 11 +/- 8 days, with mean total dose 3.6 +/- 1.8 g. Initial doses of 20 mg/kg rapidly and reliably established therapeutic pre-dialysis serum levels (10 to 25 micrograms/ml). In patients treated with multiple dosing 431 pre-dialysis levels were obtained. The mean level was 15.9 +/- 5.7 micrograms/ml; 55 levels (13%) were less than 10 micrograms/ml and 22 (5%) were above 25 micrograms/ml. In patients treated once weekly, 77% of levels were below 10 micrograms/ml by five days after administration, and 84% at one week. No patient developed demonstrable ototoxicity. Twenty-five patients were treated for > or = two weeks, five for > or = four weeks, and two for > five weeks, with no evidence of toxic accumulation. Mean peak level was 20.1 +/- 4.6 micrograms/ml, with a mean difference from preceding pre-dialysis level of 7.2 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml. We conclude that in high-flux hemodialysis, a 20 mg/kg loading dose of vancomycin followed by 500 mg doses after each dialysis treatment achieves predictable, adequate and safe therapeutic levels, does not lead to unacceptably high peaks, and does not accumulate during long treatment courses. By contrast, once-weekly vancomycin dosing resulted in subtherapeutic serum levels after five to seven days, and should be abandoned in the high-flux setting.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2021
                : 31
                : 1
                : 28-31
                Affiliations
                [1] Córdoba orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000100007 S1699-714X(21)03100100007
                10.4321/s1699-714x2021000100007
                64860d41-ce5f-44a3-a78a-ece0511b1662

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 November 2019
                : 05 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                optimal concentration,protocol,dosage,Vancomicina,hemodiálisis,concentración óptima,dosificación,protocolo,Vancomycin,hemodialysis

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