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      Salud e incidencia y diferencias en vulnerabilidad territorial de la ciudad de Madrid Translated title: Health, incidence and differences in the territorial vulnerability city of Madrid

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          La territorialidad se configura como un eje importante de desigualdad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de asociación entre territorio y vulnerabilidad, concretando propuestas de intervención territorial mediante indicadores clave socio-sanitarios.

          Métodos:

          Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico, que combinó el análisis de la Encuesta de Salud de la Ciudad de Madrid de 2017 (n=9.513) y el indicador de vulnerabilidad-ranking del mismo año (n=2.780.197, población de la ciudad de Madrid en 2017, procedente del Banco de Datos del Ayuntamiento de Madrid), elaborado con la técnica de análisis jerárquico. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas y de salud, como autopercepción del estado de salud, calidad de vida en relación con la salud, consumo de tabaco, alcohol, obesidad, sedentarismo y salud mental (GHQ-12). Las relaciones se valoraron con DE, IC 95%, correlación de Spearman, coeficientes B y β de regresión lineal múltiple y la técnica de pares de puntos.

          Resultados:

          Los vínculos entre salud y vulnerabilidad fueron: en salud-autopercibida y CVRS, como variables globales de salud, p<0,01 para las mujeres con territorio y vulnerabilidad; en sedentarismo para ambos sexos, se interpretó con el 60-80% por el territorio y vulnerabilidad; la obesidad se vinculó levemente con el territorio en las mujeres y explicó el 77%; la salud mental no se relacionó territorialmente para el conjunto, pero sí de forma significativa en las mujeres, por el 64% de la varianza; en tabaco hubo vínculo significativo territorial en hombres y vulnerabilidad en el 57%; finalmente, el alcohol tuvo una diferencia significativa en hombres a nivel territorial y explicó en el 72% en ambos sexos, de forma invertida.

          Conclusiones:

          Los resultados avalan el comportamiento de los indicadores globales y específicos de salud con la vulnerabilidad, con una desagregación por sexos, lo cual permitirá una planificación adaptada al territorio.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          Territoriality is configured as an important axis of inequality. The objective of this study was to determine the level of association between territory and vulnerability, specifying proposals for territorial intervention using key socio-health indicators.

          Methods:

          Analytical cross-sectional study, which combined the analysis of the Health Survey Madrid City 2017 (n=9,513) and the vulnerability-ranking indicator of the same year (n=2,780,197), population of the city of Madrid in 2017, from the Data Bank of the Madrid City Council), prepared with the hierarchical analysis technique. Sociodemographic and health variables were included, such as self-perception of health status, quality of life in relation to health, tobacco consumption, alcohol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and mental health (GHQ-12). The relationships were assessed with DE, 95% CI, Spearman correlation, B and β coefficients of multiple linear regression and the pair-point technique.

          Results:

          The links between health and vulnerability were: in health-self-perceived and HRQL, as global health variables, p<0.01 for women with territory and vulnerability; sedentary lifestyle for both sexes, was interpreted with 60-80% by territory and vulnerability; obesity was slightly linked to the territory in women and explained 77%; mental health was not territorially related for the group, but it was significantly related to women, due to 64% of the variance; in tobacco there was a significant territorial link in men and vulnerability in 57%; finally, alcohol had a significant difference in men at the territorial level and explained in 72% in both sexes, inverted.

          Conclusions:

          The results support the behavior of global and specific health indicators with vulnerability, with a disaggregation by sex, which will allow planning adapted to the territory.

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          Most cited references49

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          The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization.

          This paper describes the World Health Organization's project to develop a quality of life instrument (the WHOQOL). It outlines the reasons that the project was undertaken, the thinking that underlies the project, the method that has been followed in its development and the current status of the project. The WHOQOL assesses individuals' perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It has been developed collaboratively in several culturally diverse centres over four years. Piloting of the WHOQOL on some 4500 respondents in 15 cultural settings has been completed. On the basis of this data the revised WHOQOL Field Trial Form has been finalized, and field testing is currently in progress. The WHOQOL produces a multi-dimensional profile of scores across six domains and 24 sub-domains of quality of life.
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            The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization

            (1995)
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              Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                02 November 2020
                2020
                : 94
                : 202004020
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalDepartamento de Estudios Territoriales. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Madrid. España. orgnameAyuntamiento de Madrid orgdiv1Departamento de Estudios Territoriales Madrid, España
                [2 ] originalDepartamento de Salud Pública y Materno-Infantil. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. España. orgnameUniversidad Complutense orgdiv1Departamento de Salud Pública y Materno-Infantil Madrid, España
                [3 ] originalMedicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Móstoles. España. orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos orgdiv1Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Móstoles, España
                [4 ] originalDepartamento de Matemática e Informática. Universidad Politécnica. Madrid. España. orgnameUniversidad Politécnica orgdiv1Departamento de Matemática e Informática Madrid, España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Maria Mercedes Esteban y Peña. Departamento de Estudios. Área de Coordinación Territorial. C/ Montalbán, 1, 28014 Madrid, España. estebanpm@ 123456madrid.es

                Los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de intereses.

                Article
                e202004020
                11567140
                64ab5405-0449-4852-932f-34b203386f3e

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 25 September 2019
                : 20 February 2020
                : 07 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 33
                Categories
                Originales

                determinantes de salud,desigualdades sociales,contexto,obesidad,sedentarismo,salud mental,barrios,health determinants,social inequalities,context,obesity,sedentary lifestyle,mental health,neighborhoods

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