Relationship between body fat percentage and high blood pressure among junior high school students in Shanghai

Abstract

Objective To investigate the relationship between body fat percentage (BF%) and high blood pressure among adolescents in Shanghai, and to provide basis for early prevention and intervention of cardcovascular diseases.

Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 5 148 adolescent students in 16 schools from 16 districts of Shanghai were selected. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body fat percentage. National Blood Pressure Reference for Chinese Han Children was used to define high blood pressure. And T test, chi-square test and Logistici regression were used to assess the relation between BF% with high blood pressure.

Results The prevalence of high blood pressure in 5 148 junior middle school students in Shanghai was 10.98%, with girls (13.13%) higher than boys (8.99%) (χ ² = 22.48, P<0.01). The average total body fat percentage of male students was (20. 90 ± 10. 73) %, which decreased with age (linear trend variance is 10.04, P<0.01). The average total body fat percentage of girls was (25.14±8.03) %, which increased with age (linear trend variance is 69.23, P<0.01). After adjusted for age, diet, exercise and other influencing factors, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend with the increase of body fat percentage for both boys and girls. The risk of high blood pressure in boys with BF% ≥ P ₉₀ was 12.43 times higher than that in boys with BF% < P ₂₅(95% CI=6.98–22.14), while the risk of high blood pressure in girls with BF% ≥ P ₉₀ was 6.12 times higher than that in girls with BF%< P ₂₅(95% CI=3.89 –9.63).

Conclusion There was a positive correlation between body fat percentage and high blood pressure in adolescents. The prevalence of high blood pressure increased with the increase of body fat percentage, which was more obvious in boys.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 探讨上海市青春期学生体脂率与血压偏高的关联, 为心血管疾病的早期预防和干预提供依据。 方法 采 用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法在上海市 16 个区的 16 所学校中选取 5 148 名 11~18 岁初中生进行问卷调查和体格测量, 采用生物电阻抗法(BIA)测量全身体脂率。按照中国儿童青少年血压参考标准判定血压偏高与否, 采用 t 检验、χ ² 检验和 Logistic 回归等方法分析体脂率与血压偏高的关联。 结果 2019 年上海市 5 148 名初中学生血压偏高检出率为 10.98%, 其 中男生为 8.99%, 女生为 13.13%, 女生高于男生 (χ ² = 22.48, P<0.01); 男生全身体脂率平均为 (20.90±10.73)%, 随年龄增加 而下降 ( F = 10.04, P<0.01); 女生全身体脂率平均为 (25.14±8.03) %, 随年龄增加而增加 ( F =69.23, P<0.01)。控制年龄、饮 食、运动、是否月经/遗精等影响因素后, 无论男生还是女生, 随着体脂率百分位的上升, 血压偏高检出率呈上升趋势, 体脂 率 ≥ P ₉₀ 的男生血压偏高的风险是体脂率 < P ₂₅ 男生的 12.43 倍 (95% CI =6.98~22.14), 体脂率 ≥ P ₉₀ 的女生血压偏高的风险 是体脂率 < P ₂₅ 女生的 6.12 倍 (95% CI =3.89~9.63)。 结论 青春期学生体脂率与血压偏高呈正相关, 血压偏高检出率随体 脂率百分位的上升而上升, 且在男生中关联更明显。