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      Diversity of ectoparasites and endoparasites infecting Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), a large migratory catfish from the Amazon Translated title: Diversidade de ectoparasitos e endoparasitos infestando Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), um grande bagre migratório da Amazônia

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Brachyplatystoma vaillantii is a large migratory catfish widely distributed in the Amazon basin, but its parasitic fauna is still poorly known. As it is an important fishery resource in the region of the Amazonas River estuary, the aim of this study was to investigate the parasite community in B. vaillantii from a tributary of the Amazonas River estuary system, in Brazil. We examined 31 juvenile fish, of which 80.6% were parasitized, and a total of 586 parasites were collected. We identified Dermidospermus brachyplastystimae and Dermidospermus araguiensis (Monogenea), Genarchella genarchella (Digenea), Harriscolex piramutab (Cestoda), Pseudoterranova sp. (Nematoda), Ergasilus xinguensis (Crustacea) and mites (Acarina). The dominance was of Pseudoterranova sp. larvae. The parasite community of B. vaillantii was composed of low values of species richness (2.0 ± 1.4), evenness (0.18 ± 0.21) and diversity (0.32 ± 0.37), with predominance of ectoparasite species with low prevalence, low abundance and overdispersion. Host body weight was the main correlate of parasite diversity and abundance, and a diet rich in crustaceans and other invertebrates may be important in structuring the parasite community of B. vaillantii. This is the first report of Dermidospermus brachyplastystimae and D. araguiensis, Pseudoterranova sp. and G. genarchella for B. vaillantii.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Brachyplatystoma vaillantii é um grande bagre migratório amplamente distribuído na bacia Amazônica, mas sua fauna parasitária ainda é pouco conhecida. Por ser um importante recurso pesqueiro na região do estuário do Rio Amazonas, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a comunidade parasitária em B. vaillantii de um afluente do sistema estuarino do Rio Amazonas, no Brasil. Foram examinados 31 peixes juvenis, dos quais 80,6% estavam parasitados, e um total de 586 parasitos foram coletados. Foram identificados Dermidospermus brachyplastystimae e Dermidospermus araguiensis (Monogenea), Genarchella genarchella (Digenea), Harriscolex piramutab (Cestoda), Pseudoterranova sp. (Nematoda), Ergasilus xinguensis (Crustacea) e ácaros (Acarina). A dominância foi de larvas de Pseudoterranova sp. A comunidade parasitária de B. vaillantii foi composta por baixos valores de riqueza de espécies (2,0 ± 1,4), equitabilidade (0,18 ± 0,21) e diversidade (0,32 ± 0,37), com predominância de espécies de ectoparasitos com baixa prevalência, baixa abundância e dispersão agregada. O peso corporal do hospedeiro foi o principal correlato da diversidade e abundância de parasitos, e uma dieta rica em crustáceos e outros invertebrados podem ser importante na estruturação da comunidade parasitária de B. vaillantii. Este foi o primeiro relato de D. brachyplastystimae, D. araguiensis, Pseudoterranova sp. e G. genarchella para B. vaillantii.

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          Biostatistical Analysis

          Zar's Biostatistical Analysis, Fifth Edition , is the ideal book for readers seeking practical coverage of statistical analysis methods used by researchers to collect, summarize, analyze and draw conclusions from biological research. The latest edition of this best-selling textbook is both comprehensive and easy to read. It is suitable as an introduction for beginners and as a comprehensive reference book for biological researchers and other advanced users. Introduction; Populations and Samples; Measures of Central Tendency; Measures of Dispersion and Variability; Probabilities; The Normal Distribution; One-Sample Hypotheses; Two-Sample Hypotheses; Paired-Sample Hypotheses; Multisample Hypotheses: The Analysis of Variance; Multiple Comparisons; Two-Factor Analysis of Variance; Data Transformations; Multiway Factorial Analysis of Variance; Nested (Hierarchical) Analysis of Variance; Multivariate Analysis of Variance; Simple Linear Regression; Comparing Simple Linear Regression Equations; Simple Linear Correlation; Multiple Regression and Correlation; Polynomial Regression; Testing for Goodness of Fit; Contingency Tables; More on Dichotomous Variables; Testing for Randomness; Circular Distributions: Descriptive Statistics; Circular Distributions: Hypothesis Testing For all readers interested in biostatistics.
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            Quantifying Parasites in Samples of Hosts

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              Aspects of the ecology of metazoan ectoparasites of marine fishes.

              Numerous (3947) individuals of 102 marine fish species from Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, the North Sea, Antarctica, the deepsea and coast of southeastern Australia, Pacific Canada, Brazil, Argentina and the Great Barrier Reef were examined for metazoan ectoparasites. Of the 102 fish species, 86 harboured at least 1 parasite species, and only in Antarctica and the deepsea were large proportions of fish species found to be free of ectoparasites. The mean prevalence of infection was 30.1%, the average of abundances was 6.7 parasites per fish, due to very heavy intensities of some parasite species (mean median abundance 4.31). Most parasite species exhibited a clustered distribution in the host populations, as measured by variance to mean ratios, i.e. some fish were more, and others less, heavily infected than if infection were random. Core and satellite species cannot be distinguished unambiguously, because numbers of parasites on almost all hosts are too small for any bimodality to become apparent. On average, the most dominant species represented 90% of all parasite individuals of a particular fish; different parasite species were often dominant on different fish individuals of a particular host species. Both abundances and maximum intensities of infection were positively correlated with prevalence of infection. Community richness varies greatly at and between localities, with the lowest richness found in Antarctic and deepsea fish and the highest richness in tropical fish. Species richness, abundance and prevalence of infection in many fish groups (with different ecological characteristics) are strongly correlated with temperature. If fish from all localities were pooled, pelagic fish had fewer intensities and (jointly with benthopelagic fishes) fewer species than benthic fish, and planktivorous fish had lower abundances and prevalences of infection than predatory and omnivorous fish. Prevalences of infection, abundance and parasite species richness were significantly correlated with host length. Fifteen positive and 1 negative associations among species were found. This and the generally low prevalences and abundances of infection indicate that competitive interactions are probably scarce. Overall, the findings indicate that most (if not all) metazoan ectoparasite communities of marine fish live in non-saturated, little-ordered assemblages.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aa
                Acta Amazonica
                Acta Amaz.
                Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Manaus, AM, Brazil )
                0044-5967
                1809-4392
                June 2021
                : 51
                : 2
                : 122-128
                Affiliations
                [2] Macapá Amapá orgnameEmbrapa Amapá Brazil
                [1] Macapá Amapá orgnameFaculdade de Macapá Brazil
                Article
                S0044-59672021000200122 S0044-5967(21)05100200122
                10.1590/1809-4392201901321
                6511d806-77df-4790-85ed-1a56e6f1956d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 March 2019
                : 02 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Biodiversity and Conservation

                ácaros,mites,crustaceans,helminths,Laulao catfish,parasites,fish,piramutaba,peixe,parasitos,helmintos,crustáceos

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