Seasonal pelage color change: news based on a South American Rodent

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Abstract

Mammalian seasonalmolting and color change are known to be influencedby photoperiod changes. Calomys laucha, a South American rodent, exhibits seasonal pelage color change; however, unlike Northern hemisphere rodents, which present a gray or brown color during summer and a whitish color during winter, C. laucha pelage changes from an orange color during summer to a dark gray color during winter. Animals maintained for over a year in stationary photoperiod (LD 12:12h, 22ºC) presented orange pelage color during the summer corresponding month (January), and gray color during the winter corresponding month (July). Same age animals were evaluated during summer or winter months, and also showed different colors. Animals exposed for 12 weeks to summer or winter artificial conditions displayed color change, not according to the environmental conditions, as expected, but similar to that of animals maintained in stationary photoperiod. These results suggest that pelage color change in C. laucha is controlled by an endogenous circannual rhythm. The adaptive function of C. laucha color change is discussed.

Translated abstract

A muda e a mudança de cor sazonal da pelagem de mamíferos são influenciadas por variações no fotoperíodo. Calomys laucha, um roedor sul-americano, exibe mudança de cor de pelagem sazonal; entretanto, diferentemente dos roedores do hemisfério Norte, os quais apresentam cor cinza ou marrom durante o verão e branca durante o inverno, a pelagem de C. laucha muda de uma cor alaranjada durante o verão para cinza escuro durante o inverno. Animais mantidos por mais de um ano em fotoperíodo estacionário (CE 12:12h, 22ºC) apresentaram pelagem alaranjada durante o mês correspondente ao verão (Janeiro), e cor cinza durante o mês de inverno (Julho). Animais de mesma idade foram avaliados durante os meses de verão ou inverno, e também apresentaram pelagem de cores diferentes. Animais expostos a condições artificiais de verão ou de inverno durante 12 semanas sofreram mudança de cor da pelagem, não de acordo com as condições ambientais a que estavam sujeitos como esperado, mas exibiram a mesma cor dos animais mantidos em fotoperíodo estacionário. Estes resultados sugerem que a mudança de cor da pelagem de C. laucha é controlada por um ritmo endógeno circanual.

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Most cited references 27

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Phylogeny and evolution of the neotropical rodent genus Calomys: inferences from mitochondrial DNA sequence data.

Jerry W Dragoo, David Tinnin, Juan J Salazar … (2001)

Field mice of the genus Calomys are small, mostly granivorous rodents common to several habitats in South America. To date, phylogenies for the genus have been proposed on the basis of morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data, often with contradictory results due to incomplete species sampling or methodological shortcomings. In this paper, we propose relationships among 10 species of Calomys based on the complete cytochrome b gene sequence. Our analyses show that Calomys is constituted by two major clades, one mostly associated with mountain habitats with subsequent invasions to lowland habitats and another with species restricted to lowland habitats both north and south of the Amazon basin. The evolution of the genus was likely accompanied by a reduction of chromosome diploid numbers that occurred independently in each of the two evolutionary lineages. A "clock" calibrated on the split between Auliscomys and Loxodontomys suggests that the almost nonexistent fossil record for the genus greatly underestimates divergence times among its species. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.