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      Retracted: Machine Learning for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

      retraction
      Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation The presence of these indicators undermines our confidence in the integrity of the article's content and we cannot, therefore, vouch for its reliability. Please note that this notice is intended solely to alert readers that the content of this article is unreliable. We have not investigated whether authors were aware of or involved in the systematic manipulation of the publication process. Wiley and Hindawi regrets that the usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication and have since put additional measures in place to safeguard research integrity. We wish to credit our own Research Integrity and Research Publishing teams and anonymous and named external researchers and research integrity experts for contributing to this investigation. The corresponding author, as the representative of all authors, has been given the opportunity to register their agreement or disagreement to this retraction. We have kept a record of any response received.

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          Machine Learning for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

          Background Application of machine learning (ML) for identification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been recently drawing increasing attention, while there is still lack of evidence-based support. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis are conducted to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy and application prospect. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science libraries are searched, in combination with manual searching and literature retrospection, for studies regarding machine learning for identifying SLE and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADA-2) is applied to assess the quality of included studies. Diagnostic accuracy of the SLE model and NPSLE model is assessed using the bivariate fixed-effect model, and the data are pooled. Summary receiver operator characteristic curve (SROC) is plotted, and area under the curve (AUC) is calculated. Results Eighteen (18) studies are included, in which ten (10) focused on SLE and eight (8) on NPSLE. The AUC of SLE identification is 0.95, the sensitivity is 0.90, the specificity is 0.89, the PLR is 8.4, the NLR is 0.12, and the DOR is 73. AUC of NPSLE identification is 0.89, the sensitivity is 0.83, the specificity is 0.83, the PLR is 5.0, the NLR is 0.20, and the DOR is 25. Conclusion Machine learning presented remarkable performance in identification of SLE and NPSLE. Based on the convenience for inclusion factor collection and non-invasiveness of detection, machine learning is expected to be widely applied in clinical practice to assist medical decision making.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            Comput Intell Neurosci
            Comput Intell Neurosci
            cin
            Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
            Hindawi
            1687-5265
            1687-5273
            2023
            4 October 2023
            4 October 2023
            : 2023
            : 9871068
            Affiliations
            Article
            10.1155/2023/9871068
            10567382
            37829908
            6536f340-bd9a-4571-aa54-8095e40471ef
            Copyright © 2023 Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience.

            This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

            History
            : 3 October 2023
            : 3 October 2023
            Categories
            Retraction

            Neurosciences
            Neurosciences

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