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      Metodología para evaluar el potencial productivo y la dinámica socioecológica de la ganadería en bofedales altoandinos Translated title: Methodology for assessing the productive capacity and the socio-ecological dynamics of livestock in high Andean wetlands

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          Abstract

          Los bofedales altoandinos son una fuente de recursos crucial para los habitantes del Altiplano, Más que todo, proveen forraje todo el año para la ganadería, en mayoría camélidos. Sin embargo, este recurso es altamente vulnerable frente a los efectos del cambio climático y sobre-uso, podría ocasionar una degradación rápida de los bofedales. El estudio tiene el propósito de describir métodos para evaluar el potencial productivo y la sostenibilidad de los bofedales altoandinos, tomando como modelo los bofedales de la Cordillera Real (departamento de La Paz, Bolivia) con la finalidad de aprovechar y fortalecer la producción ganadera que se desarrolla en la zona. En primer lugar, proponemos disponer de información técnica sobre la cobertura vegetal, composición florística y la cantidad de materia seca para estimar el potencial de los bofedales como forraje. Esta obtención de datos se puede realizar a través de un muestreador de rejilla a lo largo de transectos lineales. Posteriormente relacionamos estos datos con la abundancia del ganado, con el fin de cuantificar capacidad de carga animal, la cual es directamente relacionada con la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de los recursos de los bofedales. Nuestro tercer objetivo es sugerir métodos sencillos para caracterizar los sistemas de uso de los bofedales, estos datos permitirán ajustar nuestro conocimiento sobre el potencial productivo y la sostenibilidad de los bofedales altoandinos, además de realizar orientaciones hacia un manejo adecuado y uso racional sostenible de los bofedales.

          Translated abstract

          High-Andean wetlands (bofedales) provide crucial resources for the inhabitants of the Altiplano, among which pasture for camelid livestock. This resource is particularly vulnerable in the face of the effects of climate change. In this context, overgrazing may drive bofedales' functioning beyond a threshold of sustainability, leading to an overall degradation of both the diversity and productivity of these keystone ecosystems. The purpose of this methodological contribution is to present a number of easy-to-apply methods to evaluate the productive capacity and the sustainability of high Andean bofedales, taking the bofedales of the Cordillera Real (La Paz Department, Bolivia) as a model. Such an approach is meant to sustain livestock production in this region. First, we describe methods to collect vegetation data (plant diversity, relative vegetation cover, dry matter quantity) so as to estimate the current potential of bofedales as a nutrient resource for livestock. This data collection can be made with help of contact points along 30-50 m line transects. Second, we put together these data with an estimation of livestock abundance in order to characterize the carrying capacity of each bofedal, which is directly correlated with the long-term maintenance of the resources provided by these ecosystems. Our third specific objective is to discuss briefly simple methods for characterizing the operating systems at work in bofedales. Acquiring these data is expected to refine our knowledge of the potential productivity and sustainability of High-Andean bofedales. It should permit optimizing their long-term management.

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          Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change

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            Glacier recession and water resources in Peru's Cordillera Blanca

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              Bofedales: high altitude peatlands of the central Andes

              There is an exceptional group of alpine peatlands in the world situated in the arid grasslands of the central Andes. The peatlands in northern Chile occur in the most arid part of their range. Members of the Juncaceae are the primary peat-forming plant species. Fresh and mildly saline groundwaters originate from glaciers, snowmelt and rain are the water sources for the northern Chile peatlands. Paleoecological investigations suggest that some peatlands are recent features of the landscape having developed within the last three thousand years or less. These peatlands are unique, extremely fragile water features sensitive to climate changes and human disturbances such as regional mining activity. Much more work is required to develop scientifically based sound management and conservation programs for the rare plants and animals that live in them and to ensure the future livelihoods of the indigenous peoples who depend on them
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                reb
                Ecología en Bolivia
                Ecología en Bolivia
                Plural Editores (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                1605-2528
                2075-5023
                December 2014
                : 49
                : 3
                : 120-131
                Affiliations
                [03] cedex orgnameUniversidad Paris Francia
                [01] La Paz orgnameAlternativas Agropecuarias (ALTAGRO) Bolivia altagro-lp@ 123456entelnet.bo
                [02] La Paz orgnameServicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SERNAP) Bolivia
                [05] La Paz orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía Bolivia
                Article
                S1605-25282014000300011
                653a2827-d616-4cc3-bf1b-46faa5686764

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Biomasa vegetal,Bofedal,Capacidad de carga animal,Pastoreo,Transecto lineal,Animal carrying capacity,High-Andean wetlands,Line transect,Pasture,Vegetation biomass

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