Observer-Based Composite Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Nonstrict-Feedback Systems With Actuator Failures

Fuzzy systems are represented as series expansions of fuzzy basis functions which are algebraic superpositions of fuzzy membership functions. Using the Stone-Weierstrass theorem, it is proved that linear combinations of the fuzzy basis functions are capable of uniformly approximating any real continuous function on a compact set to arbitrary accuracy. Based on the fuzzy basis function representations, an orthogonal least-squares (OLS) learning algorithm is developed for designing fuzzy systems based on given input-output pairs; then, the OLS algorithm is used to select significant fuzzy basis functions which are used to construct the final fuzzy system. The fuzzy basis function expansion is used to approximate a controller for the nonlinear ball and beam system, and the simulation results show that the control performance is improved by incorporating some common-sense fuzzy control rules.