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      Engineering Microneedles for Therapy and Diagnosis: A Survey

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , * , 1 , 2 , * , 3
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Micromachines
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: microneedle, diagnosis, point of care, drug delivery

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          Abstract

          Microneedle (MN) technology is a rising star in the point-of-care (POC) field, which has gained increasing attention from scientists and clinics. MN-based POC devices show great potential for detecting various analytes of clinical interests and transdermal drug delivery in a minimally invasive manner owing to MNs’ micro-size sharp tips and ease of use. This review aims to go through the recent achievements in MN-based devices by investigating the selection of materials, fabrication techniques, classification, and application, respectively. We further highlight critical aspects of MN platforms for transdermal biofluids extraction, diagnosis, and drug delivery assisted disease therapy. Moreover, multifunctional MNs for stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems were discussed, which show incredible potential for accurate and efficient disease treatment in dynamic environments for a long period of time. In addition, we also discuss the remaining challenges and emerging trend of MN-based POC devices from the bench to the bedside.

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          Silicon as a mechanical material

          K.E. Petersen (1982)
          Article 0 comments Cited 434 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery.

            Yeu-Chun Kim, Jung-Hwan Park, Mark Prausnitz (2012)
            Microneedles were first conceptualized for drug delivery many decades ago, but only became the subject of significant research starting in the mid-1990's when microfabrication technology enabled their manufacture as (i) solid microneedles for skin pretreatment to increase skin permeability, (ii) microneedles coated with drug that dissolves off in the skin, (iii) polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug and fully dissolve in the skin and (iv) hollow microneedles for drug infusion into the skin. As shown in more than 350 papers now published in the field, microneedles have been used to deliver a broad range of different low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccines, including published human studies with a number of small-molecule and protein drugs and vaccines. Influenza vaccination using a hollow microneedle is in widespread clinical use and a number of solid microneedle products are sold for cosmetic purposes. In addition to applications in the skin, microneedles have also been adapted for delivery of bioactives into the eye and into cells. Successful application of microneedles depends on device function that facilitates microneedle insertion and possible infusion into skin, skin recovery after microneedle removal, and drug stability during manufacturing, storage and delivery, and on patient outcomes, including lack of pain, skin irritation and skin infection, in addition to drug efficacy and safety. Building off a strong technology base and multiple demonstrations of successful drug delivery, microneedles are poised to advance further into clinical practice to enable better pharmaceutical therapies, vaccination and other applications. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Dissolving Polymer Microneedle Patches for Influenza Vaccination

              Sean P. Sullivan, Dimitrios Koutsonanos, María Martín Montero … (2010)
              Influenza prophylaxis would benefit from a vaccination method enabling simplified logistics and improved immunogenicity without the dangers posed by hypodermic needles. Here, we introduce dissolving microneedle patches for influenza vaccination using a simple patch-based system that targets delivery to skin’s antigen-presenting cells. Microneedles were fabricated using a biocompatible polymer encapsulating inactivated influenza virus vaccine for insertion and dissolution in the skin within minutes. Microneedle vaccination generated robust antibody and cellular immune responses in mice that provided complete protection against lethal challenge. Compared to conventional intramuscular injection, microneedle vaccination resulted in more efficient lung virus clearance and enhanced cellular recall responses after challenge. These results suggest that dissolving microneedle patches can provide a novel technology for simpler and safer vaccination with improved immunogenicity that could facilitate increased vaccination coverage.
              Article 0 comments Cited 253 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Micromachines (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Micromachines (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): micromachines
                Title: Micromachines
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-666X
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 March 2020
                Publication date Collection: March 2020
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 271
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; zhdl555555@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ]Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
                [3 ]Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, EI Paso, TX 79968, USA; wqian@ 123456bmie.neu.edu.cn
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: xielp@ 123456bmie.neu.edu.cn (L.X.); jsun@ 123456utep.edu (J.S.)
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher ID: micromachines-11-00271
                DOI: 10.3390/mi11030271
                PMC ID: 7143426
                PubMed ID: 32150866
                SO-VID: 65916629-ce46-4d68-8c68-49f991203153
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 17 January 2020
                Date accepted : 28 February 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: microneedle,diagnosis,point of care,drug delivery
                Data availability:
                Keywords: microneedle, diagnosis, point of care, drug delivery

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