Zinc status is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid, and glucose metabolism

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Abstract

A number of studies have reported that zinc plays a substantial role in the development of metabolic syndrome, taking part in the regulation of cytokine expression, suppressing inflammation, and is also required to activate antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative stress. Zinc also plays a role in the correct functioning of lipid and glucose metabolism, regulating and forming the expression of insulin. In numerous studies, zinc supplementation has been found to improve blood pressure, glucose, and LDL cholesterol serum level. Deeper knowledge of zinc’s properties may help in treating metabolic syndrome, thus protecting against stroke and angina pectoris, and ultimately against death.

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The Role of Metallothionein in Oxidative Stress

Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky, Lukas Nejdl, Jaromir Gumulec … (2013)

Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free radicals are also known to play a dual role in biological systems, as they can be either beneficial or harmful for living systems. It is clear that there are numerous mechanisms participating on the protection of a cell against free radicals. In this review, our attention is paid to metallothioneins (MTs) as small, cysteine-rich and heavy metal-binding proteins, which participate in an array of protective stress responses. The mechanism of the reaction of metallothioneins with oxidants and electrophilic compounds is discussed. Numerous reports indicate that MT protects cells from exposure to oxidants and electrophiles, which react readily with sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, MT plays a key role in regulation of zinc levels and distribution in the intracellular space. The connections between zinc, MT and cancer are highlighted.

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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling

Magdalena Jarosz-Biej, Magdalena Olbert, Gabriela Wyszogrodzka … (2017)

Zinc is a nutritionally fundamental trace element, essential to the structure and function of numerous macromolecules, including enzymes regulating cellular processes and cellular signaling pathways. The mineral modulates immune response and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Zinc retards oxidative processes on a long-term basis by inducing the expression of metallothioneins. These metal-binding cysteine-rich proteins are responsible for maintaining zinc-related cell homeostasis and act as potent electrophilic scavengers and cytoprotective agents. Furthermore, zinc increases the activation of antioxidant proteins and enzymes, such as glutathione and catalase. On the other hand, zinc exerts its antioxidant effect via two acute mechanisms, one of which is the stabilization of protein sulfhydryls against oxidation. The second mechanism consists in antagonizing transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Zinc can exchange redox active metals, such as copper and iron, in certain binding sites and attenuate cellular site-specific oxidative injury. Studies have demonstrated that physiological reconstitution of zinc restrains immune activation, whereas zinc deficiency, in the setting of severe infection, provokes a systemic increase in NF-κB activation. In vitro studies have shown that zinc decreases NF-κB activation and its target genes, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and increases the gene expression of A20 and PPAR-α, the two zinc finger proteins with anti-inflammatory properties. Alternative NF-κB inhibitory mechanism is initiated by the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, whereas another presumed mechanism consists in inhibition of IκB kinase in response to infection by zinc ions that have been imported into cells by ZIP8.

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Zinc is an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Its Role in Human Health

Ananda Prasad (2014)

Zinc supplementation trials in the elderly showed that the incidence of infections was decreased by approximately 66% in the zinc group. Zinc supplementation also decreased oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased inflammatory cytokines in the elderly. In our studies in the experimental model of zinc deficiency in humans, we showed that zinc deficiency per se increased the generation of IL-1β and its mRNA in human mononuclear cells following LPS stimulation. Zinc supplementation upregulated A20, a zinc transcription factor, which inhibited the activation of NF-κB, resulting in decreased generation of inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important contributing factors for several chronic diseases attributed to aging, such as atherosclerosis and related cardiac disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration, immunologic disorders and the aging process itself. Zinc is very effective in decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, the mechanism of zinc actions on oxidative stress and generation of inflammatory cytokines and its impact on health in humans will be presented.

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Contributors

Joanna Suliburska:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-8427

(+48) 61 8487334 , jsulibur@up.poznan.pl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Physiol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Physiol Sci

Title: The Journal of Physiological Sciences

Publisher: Springer Japan (Tokyo )

ISSN (Print): 1880-6546

ISSN (Electronic): 1880-6562

Publication date (Electronic): 30 September 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 30 September 2017

Publication date (Print): 2018

Volume: 68

Issue: 1

Pages: 19-31

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2157 4669, GRID grid.410688.3, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ; ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 62-624 Poznan , Poland

[2 ]Orenburg State Medical University, Sovetskaya St., 6, Orenburg, 460000 Russia

[3 ]GRID grid.440703.4, Orenburg State University, ; Pobedy Avenue, 13, Orenburg, 460018 Russia

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0645 517X, GRID grid.77642.30, RUDN University, ; Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow, 117198 Russia

[5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1010 8494, GRID grid.99921.3a, Yaroslavl State University, ; Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000 Russia

[6 ]All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Grina St., 7, Moscow, 117216 Russia

Author information

Joanna Suliburska http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-8427

Article

Publisher ID: 571

DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0571-7

PMC ID: 5754376

PubMed ID: 28965330

SO-VID: 65932059-bcc8-4237-a669-12b12e5ebe43

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Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

History

Date received : 24 July 2017

Date accepted : 18 September 2017

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology

Keywords: oxidative stress,inflammation,zinc,lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology

Keywords: oxidative stress, inflammation, zinc, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism

Zinc status is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid, and glucose metabolism

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Most cited references 116

The Role of Metallothionein in Oxidative Stress

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling

Zinc is an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Its Role in Human Health

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