Effects of Pravastatin Treatment on Blood Pressure Regulation after Renal Transplantation

Abstract

Background/Aim: Hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors and has an impact also on long-term kidney graft survival. In addition to their lipid-lowering properties, it was shown that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors also have a blood pressure lowering effect. We examined whether treatment with a statin interferes with blood pressure regulation and antihypertensive treatment after renal transplantation. Methods: 74 patients were treated with initially 20 mg of pravastatin daily immediately after kidney transplantation. This group was compared to a matched cohort of 76 patients without statin treatment. All patients received standard immunosuppressive triple therapy with ciclosporin A microemulsion together with an antiproliferative agent and prednisolone. Primary objective of this analysis was systolic and diastolic blood pressure regulation with and without pravastatin. Furthermore, graft function expressed as creatinine clearance and proteinuria, immunosuppressive regimen, and incidence of cardiovascular events and graft loss were recorded for 48 months. Results: The blood pressure regulation was comparable in both groups; however, to achieve this, significantly more antihypertensive drugs had to be used in the statin-treated patients as compared with the controls (2.9 vs. 2.2 agents at 48 months). A slightly higher ciclosporin A exposure of the statin-treated patients could have contributed to this observation. The graft function after 4 years was comparable between the groups (creatinine clearance 56.9 vs. 57.0 ml/min), and a trend of reduced proteinuria could be demonstrated after 4 years of statin treatment (0.4 vs. 0.9 g/day). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased as expected during treatment (3.1 vs. 3.7 mmol/l at 48 months), but the recommended target levels for patients with a high cardiovascular risk have not been reached. A trend towards lower incidences of acute rejection, chronic allograft nephropathy, and graft loss was noted in the statin-treated group. Adverse effects of statin treatment have not been observed. Conclusion: Treatment with pravastatin at low to average dosages does not result in improved blood pressure regulation after kidney transplantation.