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Abstract
Fossil fuel combustion by-products, including particulate matter (PM2.5), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are
a significant threat to children's health and equality. Various policies to reduce
emissions have been implemented to reduce air pollution and mitigate climate change,
with sizeable estimated health and economic benefits. However, only a few adverse
outcomes in children have been considered, resulting in an undercounting of the benefits
to this vulnerable population.