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      Strategies for periodontal ligament cell viability: An overview

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          Abstract

          The long-term success of the reimplanted teeth is related to the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability. Dental tissues are unique in comparison to most other tissues in the body due to their marked capacity for regeneration. Understanding the circumstances leading to repair and regeneration in oral tissues has been a formidable challenge. Numerous storage media have been introduced by many authors that help to maintain the PDL cell viability. To present an overview of the various available storage media. A literature search for the past 20 years was performed across the Internet database (Pubmed) and relevant citations using the keywords PDL cell viability, tooth avulsion, storage media, and the combination of all to retrieve around (n=225) citations. Articles that included follow-up of intervention for avulsed and re-implanted teeth were considered (n=44) and some literature review from well-known text books were considered. Literature supports that moist storage appears to be a more productive approach to optimize PDL cell survival. However, no medium is ideal and in vivo studies are inadequate.

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          Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 4. Factors related to periodontal ligament healing.

          Kathryn H Jacobsen, J Andreasen, F Andreasen … (1995)
          400 avulsed and replanted permanent teeth were examined for periodontal ligament (PDL) healing, using standardized radiographic and clinical examination procedures (i.e. percussion test and mobility test). The effect of various clinical factors was examined, such as age and sex of the patient, type of tooth replanted, presence of crown fracture or bone fracture, stage of root development (including apical diameter and length of the pulp), type and length of extra-alveolar storage, clinical contamination of the root surface, type of root surface cleansing procedure, type and length of splinting period and antibiotic therapy. Surface resorption was generally diagnosed after 12 months; while inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption (ankylosis) were usually observed after 1 month and 1-2 months respectively. Most resorptive processes were diagnosed within the first 2-3 years. However, although rarely, even after 5 and 10 years new resorptive processes could be diagnosed. A univariate statistical analysis of 272 teeth revealed 9 factors significantly related to PDL healing. A subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that the following 4 factors had the strongest impact upon PDL healing, in descending order of significance: Stage of root development; length of the dry extra-alveolar storage period; immediate replantation and length of the wet period (saliva or saline storage). Nonphysiological storage, such as homemade saline and sterilizing solutions (chloramine and alcohol) always led to root resorption. Storage in tap water for more than 20 minutes usually led to root resorption. The common denominator for all these factors related to PDL healing appears to be survival of the PDL cells along the root surface. Based on these findings, immediate replantation is recommended irrespective of stage of root development.
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            Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. II. Avulsion of permanent teeth.

            , Thomas von Arx, Michael L. Hicks … (2007)
            Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most serious of all dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsion. Replantation is the treatment of choice, but cannot always be carried out immediately. An appropriate emergency management and treatment plan is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases in which the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence based on literature research and professional opinion. In this second article of three, the IADT Guidelines for management of avulsed permanent teeth are presented.
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              Comparison of coconut water, propolis, HBSS, and milk on PDL cell survival.

              Velayutham Gopikrishna, Parvinder Baweja, Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu … (2008)
              Coconut water is biologically pure and sterile, with a rich presence of amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to use a collagenase-dispase assay to investigate the potential of a new storage medium, coconut water, in comparison with propolis, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), and milk in maintaining viable periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on simulated avulsed teeth. Seventy freshly extracted human teeth were divided into 4 experimental groups and 2 control groups. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0-minute and 8-hour dry times, respectively. The experimental teeth were stored dry for 30 minutes and then immersed in 1 of the 4 media (coconut water, propolis, HBSS, and milk). The teeth were then treated with dispase grade II and collagenase for 30 minutes. The number of viable PDL cells was counted with a hemocytometer and analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that coconut water kept significantly more PDL cells viable compared with propolis, HBSS, or milk. Coconut water can be used as a superior transport medium for avulsed teeth.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Conserv Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCD
                Title: Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD
                Publisher: Medknow Publications (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-0707
                ISSN (Electronic): 0974-5203
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Sep 2011
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 215-220
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Pedodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Mousumi Goswami, Department of Pedodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad-244 001, India. E-mail: mousumi_leo@ 123456yahoo.co.in
                Article
                Publisher ID: JCD-14-215
                DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.85789
                PMC ID: 3198546
                PubMed ID: 22025820
                SO-VID: 65f1cc58-8ded-4b59-b112-849927e0be22
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Conservative Dentistry
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 August 2010
                Date revision received : 12 March 2011
                Date accepted : 26 April 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Invited Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: tooth avulsion,pdl cell viability,storage media
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: tooth avulsion, pdl cell viability, storage media

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