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      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
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      Is Open Access

      Lethal (2) Giant Larvae: An Indispensable Regulator of Cell Polarity and Cancer Development

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          Abstract

          Cell polarity is one of the most basic properties of all normal cells and is essential for regulating numerous biological processes. Loss of polarity is considered a hallmark for cancer. Multiple polarity proteins are implicated in maintenance of cell polarity. Lethal (2) giant larvae (Lgl) is one of polarity proteins that plays an important role in regulating cell polarity, asymmetric division as well as tumorigenesis. Lgl proteins in different species have similar structures and conserved functions. Lgl acts as an indispensable regulator of cell biological function, including cell polarity and asymmetric division, through interplaying with other polarity proteins, regulating exocytosis, mediating cytoskeleton and being involved in signaling pathways. Furthermore, Lgl plays a role of a tumor suppressor, and the aberrant expression of Hugl, a human homologue of Lgl, contributes to multiple cancers. However, the exact functions of Lgl and the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. In this review, we will give an overview of the Lgl functions in cell polarity and cancer development, discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these functions, and raise our conclusion of previous studies and points of view about the future studies.

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          TNF-α/NF-κB/Snail pathway in cancer cell migration and invasion

          Y. Wu, B P Zhou (2010)
          Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory factor that acts as a master switch in establishing an intricate link between inflammation and cancer. A wide variety of evidence has pointed to a critical role of TNF-α in tumour proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. The function of TNF-α as a key regulator of the tumour microenvironment is well recognised. We will emphasise the contribution of TNF-α and the nuclear factor-κB pathway on tumour cell invasion and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying inflammation-mediated metastasis will reveal new therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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            WD40 proteins propel cellular networks.

            Christian U Stirnimann, Evangelia Petsalaki, Robert B. Russell … (2010)
            Recent findings indicate that WD40 domains play central roles in biological processes by acting as hubs in cellular networks; however, they have been studied less intensely than other common domains, such as the kinase, PDZ or SH3 domains. As suggested by various interactome studies, they are among the most promiscuous interactors. Structural studies suggest that this property stems from their ability, as scaffolds, to interact with diverse proteins, peptides or nucleic acids using multiple surfaces or modes of interaction. A general scaffolding role is supported by the fact that no WD40 domain has been found with intrinsic enzymatic activity despite often being part of large molecular machines. We discuss the WD40 domain distributions in protein networks and structures of WD40-containing assemblies to demonstrate their versatility in mediating critical cellular functions. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              The WD repeat: a common architecture for diverse functions.

              Temple Smith, Chrysanthe Gaitatzes, Kumkum Saxena … (1999)
              Our knowledge of the large family of proteins that contain the WD repeat continues to accumulate. The WD-repeat proteins are found in all eukaryotes and are implicated in a wide variety of crucial functions. The solution of the three-dimensional structure of one WD-repeat protein and the assumption that the structure will be common to all members of this family has allowed subfamilies of WD-repeat proteins to be defined on the basis of probable surface similarity. Proteins that have very similar surfaces are likely to have common binding partners and similar functions.
              Article 0 comments Cited 229 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Biol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int. J. Biol. Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijbs
                Title: International Journal of Biological Sciences
                Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1449-2288
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 February 2015
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 380-389
                Affiliations
                1. Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, China;
                2. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding author: Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, China, 710061.Tel.: +86-18991232306; E-mail address: liupeijun@ 123456mail.xjtu.edu.cn (P. Liu)

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                Publisher ID: ijbsv11p0380
                DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11243
                PMC ID: 4366637
                PubMed ID: 25798058
                SO-VID: 660c2177-340d-4562-9a09-4bbabf10fa8f
                Copyright © © 2015 Ivyspring International Publisher. Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. See http://ivyspring.com/terms for terms and conditions.
                History
                Date received : 5 December 2014
                Date accepted : 21 January 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: lethal (2) giant larvae,cell polarity,asymmetric division,tumor suppression
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: lethal (2) giant larvae, cell polarity, asymmetric division, tumor suppression

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