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      Asociación de Partición Hepática y Ligadura Portal para Hepatectomía por Etapas (ALPPS) Translated title: Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS)

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          Abstract

          La disfunción hepática postoperatoria del remanente hepático que ocurre en pacientes sometidos a grandes resecciones hepáticas, es un problema complejo y temido, dado su pronóstico incierto. La asociación de partición hepática y ligadura portal para hepatectomía por etapas (ALPPS), es un enfoque novedoso para pacientes portadores de enfermedad hepática oncológica que anteriormente eran considerados "no resecables". El procedimiento se realiza en dos etapas. La primera, comprende la ligadura de la rama derecha de la vena porta. Luego, se realiza la transección del parénquima hepático; incluyendo o no, la sección y ligadura de la vena hepática media. A continuación se empaqueta el hígado tumoral en una bolsa de polietileno y el abdomen es cerrado. La segunda etapa, se realiza 7 a 15 días después. Una vez abierto el abdomen, se retira la bolsa de polietileno; se ligan y seccionan la arteria, el conducto biliar y la vena hepática derechos; y se elimina el hígado tumoral. Pueden instalarse drenes y se procede al cierre de la laparotomía. La técnica ALPPS puede permitir entonces, la resección curativa de hígados tumorales en pacientes con lesiones considerados previamente como no resecables. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir las indicaciones y aspectos técnicos del ALPPS a propósito del primer caso realizado en nuestra ciudad, en una paciente de 47 años con un cáncer de vesícula biliar avanzado y metástasis bilobares.

          Translated abstract

          Postoperative hepatic malfunction subsequent to insufficiency of hepatic remnant is a complex and dire problem in patients subjected to large hepatic resections. The associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), is a novel approach for oncology patients whose hepatic tumors were previously considered non-resectable. The technique is performed in two phases. The first one comprises the ligation of the right portal vein branch. Subsequently, a parenchymal transection is performed, including or not, the middle hepatic vein. A plastic bag is employed to cover the tumoral liver, and the abdomen is closed. The second one is performed at 7 to 15 days interval. After laparotomy, the plastic bag is removed. The right artery, bile duct and hepatic vein are sectioned and the tumoral liver is removed. Drain was placed at the resection surface, and the abdomen is closed. ALPPS can enable curative resection of hepatic metastasis in patients with tumors previously considered non-resectable. The aim of this manuscript was to describe the indications and technical aspects of ALPPS in relation to the first case carried out in our city, in a 47-year-old woman with advanced gallbladder cancer with bilobar metastases.

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          Most cited references37

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          Preoperative portal embolization to increase safety of major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct carcinoma: a preliminary report.

          Extensive liver resection for hilar bile duct carcinoma with jaundice has high morbidity and mortality rates because of postoperative liver failure. To minimize postoperative liver dysfunction, a portal venous branch was embolized before surgery to induce atrophy of the lobe to be resected and hypertrophy of the contralateral lobe in 14 patients with hilar bile duct carcinoma. Bile was drained before surgery in 11 patients with jaundice. Portal embolization did not produce major side effects, and moderate increases of serum transaminase activity or bilirubin returned to baseline values within 1 week. Hepatectomy with bile duct resection and lymphadenectomy was performed 6 to 41 days after embolization, at which time the embolized lobe was atrophied in 12 of the patients. Extended right or left lobectomy or left trisegmentectomy (10, 3, and 1 cases, respectively) with biliointestinal reconstruction was performed. One patient with jaundice and suppurative cholangitis died 30 days after hepatectomy. Another patient died 3 months after surgery of aggravated hepatitis. After surgery, no bile leakage occurred and hyperbilirubinemia was usually moderate and reversible.
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            Portal vein embolization before major hepatectomy and its effects on regeneration, resectability and outcome.

            This study evaluated the safety of portal vein embolization (PVE), its impact on future liver remnant (FLR) volume and regeneration, and subsequent effects on outcome after liver resection. Records of 112 patients were reviewed. Standardized FLR (sFLR) and degree of hypertrophy (DH; difference between the sFLR before and after PVE), complications and outcomes were analysed to determine cut-offs that predict postoperative hepatic dysfunction. Ten (8.9 per cent) of 112 patients had PVE-related complications. Postoperative complications occurred in 34 (44 per cent) of 78 patients who underwent hepatic resection and the 90-day mortality rate was 3 per cent. A sFLR of 20 per cent or less after PVE or DH of not more than 5 per cent (versus sFLR greater than 20 per cent and DH above 5 per cent) had a sensitivity of 80 per cent and a specificity of 94 per cent in predicting hepatic dysfunction. Overall, major and liver-related complications, hepatic dysfunction or insufficiency, hospital stay and 90-day mortality rate were significantly greater in patients with a sFLR of 20 per cent or less or DH of not more than 5 per cent compared with patients with higher values. DH contributes prognostic information additional to that gained by volumetric evaluation in patients undergoing PVE. Copyright (c) 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
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              Analysis of the efficacy of portal vein embolization for patients with extensive liver malignancy and very low future liver remnant volume, including a comparison with the associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy approach.

              The primary reported indication for the associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) technique is in patients with very low future liver remnant volumes. Given the elevated incidence of major morbidity (40%) and liver-related mortality (12%) with ALPPS, we sought to determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous portal vein embolization (PVE) in a similar patient population.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                September 2017
                : 35
                : 3
                : 1083-1090
                Affiliations
                [01] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Departamento de Cirugía Chile
                [02] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos Chile
                [03] Arica orgnameUniversidad de Tarapacá orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Chile
                Article
                S0717-95022017000300043
                6621ab75-c9a6-4ea2-9c78-0295256d9f39

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 May 2017
                : 11 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Liver Regeneration,ALPPS,Hígado metastásico,Ligadura de la vena porta,Insuficiencia hepática aguda,Neoplasm Metastasis,Hepatectomías,Metástasis hepáticas,Liver Neoplasms/surgery,non-colorectal liver metastases,Regeneración hepática,Liver Failure, Acute,Gallbladder Neoplasms,Hepatectomy,Liver Neoplasms,Neoplasia hepática,Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery,Cáncer de la vesícula biliar,Neoplasm Metastasis/surgery,Trisegmentectomía derecha

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