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      Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza A Virus (IAV) Entry

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          Abstract

          Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal pandemics and epidemics with high morbidity and mortality, which calls for effective anti-IAV agents. The glycoprotein hemagglutinin of influenza virus plays a crucial role in the initial stage of virus infection, making it a potential target for anti-influenza therapeutics development. Here we found that quercetin inhibited influenza infection with a wide spectrum of strains, including A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), A/FM-1/47/1 (H1N1), and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 7.756 ± 1.097, 6.225 ± 0.467, and 2.738 ± 1.931 μg/mL, respectively. Mechanism studies identified that quercetin showed interaction with the HA2 subunit. Moreover, quercetin could inhibit the entry of the H5N1 virus using the pseudovirus-based drug screening system. This study indicates that quercetin showing inhibitory activity in the early stage of influenza infection provides a future therapeutic option to develop effective, safe and affordable natural products for the treatment and prophylaxis of IAV infections.

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          Epidemiology of Human Infections with Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in China

          Qun Li, Lei Zhou, Minghao Zhou … (2014)
          New England Journal of Medicine, 370(6), 520-532
          Article 0 comments Cited 292 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection.

            Menno de Jong, Tran Thanh, Truong Khanh … (2005)
            Influenza A (H5N1) virus with an amino acid substitution in neuraminidase conferring high-level resistance to oseltamivir was isolated from two of eight Vietnamese patients during oseltamivir treatment. Both patients died of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection, despite early initiation of treatment in one patient. Surviving patients had rapid declines in the viral load to undetectable levels during treatment. These observations suggest that resistance can emerge during the currently recommended regimen of oseltamivir therapy and may be associated with clinical deterioration and that the strategy for the treatment of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection should include additional antiviral agents. Copyright 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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              A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties.

              M Harwood, B Danielewska-Nikiel, J F Borzelleca … (2007)
              Quercetin is a naturally-occurring flavonol (a member of the flavonoid family of compounds) that has a long history of consumption as part of the normal human diet. Because a number of biological properties of quercetin may be beneficial to human health, interest in the addition of this flavonol to various traditional food products has been increasing. Prior to the use of quercetin in food applications that would increase intake beyond that from naturally-occurring levels of the flavonol in the typical Western diet, its safety needs to be established or confirmed. This review provides a critical examination of the scientific literature associated with the safety of quercetin. Results of numerous genotoxicity and mutagenicity, short- and long-term animal, and human studies are reviewed in the context of quercetin exposure in vivo. To reconcile results of in vitro studies, which consistently demonstrated quercetin-related mutagenicity to the absence of carcinogenicity in vivo, the mechanisms that lead to the apparent in vitro mutagenicity, and those that ensure absence of quercetin toxicity in vivo are discussed. The weight of the available evidence supports the safety of quercetin for addition to food.
              Article 0 comments Cited 244 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Curt Hagedorn: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Viruses
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Viruses
                Journal ID (publisher-id): viruses
                Title: Viruses
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1999-4915
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 December 2015
                Publication date Collection: January 2016
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; wj910103@ 123456126.com (W.W.); levine091@ 123456163.com (R.L.); herelxl@ 123456163.com (X.L.); jianhe@ 123456smu.edu.cn (J.H.)
                [2 ]Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; shibojiang@ 123456fudan.edu.cn
                [3 ]Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondences: liusw@ 123456smu.edu.cn (S.L.); yj528@ 123456smu.edu.cn (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-020-6164-8538 (S.L.); +86-020-6164-8590 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-20-6164-8655 (S.L. & J.Y.)
                Article
                Publisher ID: viruses-08-00006
                DOI: 10.3390/v8010006
                PMC ID: 4728566
                PubMed ID: 26712783
                SO-VID: 66239ed5-cc87-4bdc-9ad2-bd24df0ee567
                Copyright © © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 October 2015
                Date accepted : 30 November 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: entry inhibitor,hemagglutinin,influenza a virus,quercetin
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: entry inhibitor, hemagglutinin, influenza a virus, quercetin

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