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      Spatial patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases in Zimbabwe from 2015 to 2018

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Accurate mapping of spatial heterogeneity in tuberculosis (TB) cases is critical for achieving high impact control as well as guide resource allocation in most developing countries. The main aim of this study was to explore the spatial patterns of TB occurrence at district level in Zimbabwe from 2015 to 2018 using GIS and spatial statistics as a preamble to identifying areas with elevated risk for prioritisation of control and intervention measures.

          Methods

          In this study Getis-Ord G i * statistics together with SaTscan were used to characterise TB hotspots and clusters in Zimbabwe at district level from 2015 to 2018. GIS software was used to map and visualise the results of cluster analysis.

          Results

          Results show that TB occurrence exhibits spatial heterogeneity across the country. The TB hotspots were detected in the central, western and southern part of the country. These areas are characterised by artisanal mining activities as well as high poverty levels.

          Conclusions and recommendations

          Results of this study are useful to guide TB control programs and design effective strategies which are important in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development goals (UNSDGs).

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          Most cited references57

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          Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing

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            Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena.

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              On the Adaptive Control of the False Discovery Rate in Multiple Testing With Independent Statistics

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Supervision
                Role: Data curation
                Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                8 April 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 4
                : e0249523
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Geography Geospatial Sciences and Earth Observation, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
                [2 ] National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
                [3 ] Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Parirenyatwa Hospital, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
                The University of Tennessee Knoxville, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-8426
                Article
                PONE-D-20-18435
                10.1371/journal.pone.0249523
                8031317
                33831058
                663ce4dc-b56e-4ad7-acbe-c3be2dbd65f9
                © 2021 Gwitira et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 16 June 2020
                : 21 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Pages: 15
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Bacterial Diseases
                Tuberculosis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Tropical Diseases
                Tuberculosis
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Africa
                Zimbabwe
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medical Risk Factors
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Spatial Epidemiology
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Infectious Disease Control
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Geoinformatics
                Spatial Analysis
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Geoinformatics
                Spatial Analysis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Epidemiological Methods and Statistics
                Epidemiological Statistics
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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                Uncategorized

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