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      Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of CdS-Decorated TiO 2/Carbon Core-Shell Microspheres Derived from Microcrystalline Cellulose

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          Abstract

          The fabrication of reusable and biodegradation materials from renewable resources such as cellulose is essential for a sustainable world. The core-shell structured CdS-decorated TiO 2/Carbon microspheres (CdS/TiO 2/Carbon MS) photocatalyst was synthesized with controlled hydrolysis and a novel sonochemical method. It was prepared by using crosslinked microcrystalline cellulose as the core, tetrabutyl titanate as the titania source and CdS as the photosensitizer. The morphology, chemical structure and properties of the obtained material were characterized by many means. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the CdS/TiO 2/Carbon MS was evaluated by the photodegradation efficiency of Rhodamine B solution, which reached 95.24% under visible light irradiation. This study demonstrated the excellent photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO 2/Carbon MS, which might have promising applications in environmental treatments.

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          Most cited references40

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          Inorganic nanostructures for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.

          The increasing human need for clean and renewable energy has stimulated research in artificial photosynthesis, and in particular water photoelectrolysis as a pathway to hydrogen fuel. Nanostructured devices are widely regarded as an opportunity to improve efficiency and lower costs, but as a detailed analysis shows, they also have considerably disadvantages. This article reviews the current state of research on nanoscale-enhanced photoelectrodes and photocatalysts for the water splitting reaction. The focus is on transition metal oxides with special emphasis of Fe(2)O(3), but nitrides and chalcogenides, and main group element compounds, including carbon nitride and silicon, are also covered. The effects of nanostructuring on carrier generation and collection, multiple exciton generation, and quantum confinement are also discussed, as well as implications of particle size on surface recombination, on the size of space charge layers and on the possibility of controlling nanostructure energetics via potential determining ions. After a summary of electrocatalytic and plasmonic nanostructures, the review concludes with an outlook on the challenges in solar fuel generation with nanoscale inorganic materials.
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            Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: Recent overview and trends

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              TiO2-graphene nanocomposites for gas-phase photocatalytic degradation of volatile aromatic pollutant: is TiO2-graphene truly different from other TiO2-carbon composite materials?

              The nanocomposites of TiO(2)-graphene (TiO(2)-GR) have been prepared via a facile hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide and TiO(2) in an ethanol-water solvent. We show that such a TiO(2)-GR nanocomposite exhibits much higher photocatalytic activity and stability than bare TiO(2) toward the gas-phase degradation of benzene, a volatile aromatic pollutant in air. By investigating the effect of different addition ratios of graphene on the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2)-GR systematically, we find that the higher weight ratio in TiO(2)-GR will decrease the photocatalytic activity. Analogous phenomenon is also observed for the liquid-phase degradation of dyes over TiO(2)-GR. In addition, the key features for TiO(2)-GR including enhancement of adsorptivity of pollutants, light absorption intensity, electron-hole pairs lifetime, and extended light absorption range have also been found in the composite of TiO(2) and carbon nanotubes (TiO(2)-CNT). These strongly manifest that TiO(2)-GR is in essence the same as other TiO(2)-carbon (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and activated carbon) composite materials on enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO(2), although graphene by itself has unique structural and electronic properties. Notably, this key fundamental question remains completely unaddressed in a recent report ( ACS Nano 2010 , 4 , 380 ) regarding liquid-phase degradation of dyes over the TiO(2)-GR photocatalyst. Thus, we propose that TiO(2)-GR cannot provide truly new insights into the fabrication of TiO(2)-carbon composite as high-performance photocatalysts. It is hoped that our work could avert the misleading message to the readership, hence offering a valuable source of reference on fabricating TiO(2)-carbon composites for their application as a photocatalyst in the environment cleanup.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                29 March 2016
                April 2016
                : 9
                : 4
                : 245
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; xin_liu@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (X.L.); lylhappy@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (Y.L.); yangjun11@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (J.Y.); mzlwb@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (B.W.); mg_ma@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (M.M.); xfx315@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (F.X.); rcsun3@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn (R.S.)
                [2 ]State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: xm_zhang@ 123456bjfu.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-10-6233-6189
                Article
                materials-09-00245
                10.3390/ma9040245
                5502897
                6655cd32-4193-44f7-bf04-3334da430650
                © 2016 by the authors;

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 01 February 2016
                : 23 March 2016
                Categories
                Article

                functional composites,cellulose,photocatalysis,titanium dioxide,environmental degradation

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