Assessing the National Cancer Institute’s SmokefreeMOM Text-Messaging Program for Pregnant Smokers: Pilot Randomized Trial

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Abstract

Background

Automated text messages on mobile phones have been found to be effective for smoking cessation in adult smokers.

Objective

This study aims to test the acceptability and feasibility of SmokefreeMOM, a national smoking cessation text-messaging program for pregnant smokers.

Methods

Participants were recruited from prenatal care and randomized to receive SmokefreeMOM (n=55), an automated smoking cessation text-messaging program, or a control text message quitline referral (n=44). Participants were surveyed by phone at baseline and at 1 month and 3 months after enrollment.

Results

Results indicate that the SmokefreeMOM program was highly rated overall and rated more favorably than the control condition in its helpfulness at 3-month follow-up ( P<.01) and in its frequency of messaging at both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups ( P<.001, P<.01, respectively). Despite the presence of technical problems, the vast majority of intervention participants read all program messages, and few participants unsubscribed from the program. There were no significant differences between groups on the use of extra treatment resources or on smoking-related outcomes. However, at the 3-month follow-up, some outcomes favored the intervention group.

Conclusions

SmokefreeMOM is acceptable for pregnant smokers. It is recommended that SmokefreeMOM be further refined and evaluated.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02412956; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02412956 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6tcmeRnbC)

Related collections

Most cited references 18

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Edwin Locke, Albert Bandura (1987)

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A randomized trial of Text2Quit: a text messaging program for smoking cessation.

Lorien Abroms, Ashley Boal, Samuel J Simmens … (2014)

Text messaging programs on mobile phones have shown some promise in helping people quit smoking. Text2Quit is an automated, personalized, interactive mobile health program that sends text messages to offer advice, support, and reminders about quitting smoking. To evaluate the effect of Text2Quit on biochemically confirmed repeated point prevalence abstinence in the context of an RCT conducted in the U.S. Participants (n=503) were recruited on the Internet and randomized to receive Text2Quit or self-help material. Between 2011 and 2013, participants were surveyed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-enrollment to assess smoking status. Saliva was collected from participants who reported not smoking in the past 7 days at the 6-month follow-up. An intent to treat analysis was used, and those lost to follow-up were categorized as smokers. All analyses were completed in 2013. Biochemically confirmed repeated point prevalence abstinence favored the intervention group, with 11.1% abstinent compared to 5.0% of the control group (relative risk=2.22, 95% CI=1.16, 4.26, p<0.05). Similarly, self-reported repeated point prevalence abstinence was higher in the intervention group (19.9%) than in the control group (10.0%) (p<0.01). Effects were found to be uniform across the analyzed demographic subgroups, although suggestive of a larger effect for non-whites than whites. These results provide initial support for the relative efficacy of the Text2Quit program. Copyright © 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years--United States, 2005-2010.

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Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. The 2005--2010 National Health Interview Surveys and the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were used to estimate national and state adult smoking prevalence, respectively. Current cigarette smokers were defined as adults aged ≥18 years who reported having smoked ≥100 cigarettes during their lifetime and who now smoke every day or some days. In 2010, 19.3% of U.S. adults were current cigarette smokers. Higher smoking prevalence was observed in the Midwest (21.8%) and South (21.0%). From 2005 to 2010, the proportion of smokers declined from 20.9% to 19.3% (p<0.05 for trend), representing approximately 3 million fewer smokers in 2010 than would have existed had prevalence not declined since 2005. The proportion of daily smokers who smoked one to nine cigarettes per day (CPD) increased from 16.4% to 21.8% during 2005-2010 (p<0.05 for trend), whereas the proportion who smoked ≥30 CPD decreased from 12.7% to 8.3% (p<0.05 for trend). During 2005-2010, an overall decrease was observed in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults; however, the amount and direction of change has not been consistent year-to-year. Enhanced efforts are needed to accelerate the decline in cigarette smoking among adults. Population-based prevention strategies, such as tobacco taxes, media campaigns, and smoke-free policies, in concert with clinical cessation interventions, can help decrease cigarette smoking and reduce the health burden and economic impact of tobacco-related diseases in the United States.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Lorien C Abroms:

Milken Insitute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington University950 New Hampshire Ave NWWashington, DC,United States1 202 994 3518lorien@gwu.edu

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-283X

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Med Internet Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Med. Internet Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): JMIR

Title: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Publisher: JMIR Publications (Toronto, Canada )

ISSN (Print): 1439-4456

ISSN (Electronic): 1438-8871

Publication date Collection: October 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 03 October 2017

Volume: 19

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: e333

Affiliations

[1] ¹ Milken Insitute School of Public Health George Washington University Washington, DC United States

[2] ² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC United States

Author notes

Corresponding Author: Lorien C Abroms lorien@ 123456gwu.edu

Author information

Lorien C Abroms http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-283X

Shawn Chiang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-9454

Laura Macherelli http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-2108

Leah Leavitt http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-4882

Margaret Montgomery http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-9673

Article

Publisher ID: v19i10e333

DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8411

PMC ID: 5645639

PubMed ID: 28974483

SO-VID: 6656bac5-4960-42b2-9363-3ea2cd6d75cf

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

History

Date received : 11 July 2017

Date revision requested : 3 August 2017

Date revision received : 10 August 2017

Date accepted : 28 August 2017

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