To date, fibrin sealant is considered to be one of the most effective substitutes to prevent post-operative fibrosis and to limit neuroma formation after nerve suture. Because fibrin sealant presents a number of drawbacks, more suitable techniques should be considered. The aim of this study was to functionally and histologically compare the efficiency of a fibrin sealant to a resorbable semi-permeable porcine type I collagen membrane after a peroneal nerve lesion and repair on rats.