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      Entre el pulsar y el morir: la vivencia de pacientes que esperan el trasplante cardíaco Translated title: Entre o pulsar e o morrer: a vivência de pacientes que esperam o transplante cardíaco Translated title: Between pulse and dying: the experience of patients waiting for heart transplantation

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción El trasplante es el enfoque patrón-oro en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca, resultando en una mayor sobrevida y calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la alta demanda y escasez de donantes generan largas filas, en las que los pacientes experimentan sentimientos ambiguos de esperanza y frustación, en medio de la vida y la muerte. Objetivo Comprender la vivencia en la cola de espera del trasplante cardíaco desde la perspectiva del paciente y su familia. Método Investigación descriptiva y exploratoria, de abordaje cualitativo, realizada con 12 participantes: 6 pacientes que están en fila de espera para trasplante cardíaco y 6 familiares. En el programa Iramuteq (Interfaz de R para los Analyses Multimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), respondieron un guión de entrevista semiestructurado, que fue evaluado por medio de análisis textual en el software Iramuteq. Resultados Se evidenció que el descubrimiento del diagnóstico y de la necesidad de trasplante está impregnado por sentimientos de tristeza y miedo, que demandan reorganización de la estructura familiar y uso de diferentes estrategias de enfrentamiento. Entre las dificultades vivenciadas en la espera por un órgano se contempla el surgimiento de intercurrencias clínicas, que pueden quitarle la vida o imposibilitar la cirugía, y el constante rechazo de la familia de posibles donantes. Conclusión La cola de espera para trasplante cardíaco se configura como un momento de "carrera contra el tiempo por la vida", impregnada por ansiedad, esperanza y frustración, en la que el apoyo familiar es fundamental. Se hace fundamental también la inversión en campañas de donación de órganos y capacitación de profesionales para hacer un abordaje correcto a los familiares de posibles donantes, acogiendo su duelo y aclarando sus dudas.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Introdução O transplante é a abordagem padrão-ouro no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, resultando em maior sobrevida e qualidade de vida. Entretanto, a alta demanda e escassez de doadores geram longas filas, nas quais pacientes vivenciam sentimentos ambíguos de esperança e frustação, em meio a díade vida e morte. Objetivo Compreender a vivência na fila de espera do transplante cardíaco a partir da perspectiva do paciente e sua família. Método Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 12 participantes: seis pacientes que estão em fila de espera para transplante cardíaco e seis familiares. Eles responderam um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, que foi avaliado por meio de análise textual no software Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Resultados Evidenciou-se que a descoberta do diagnóstico e da necessidade de transplante é permeada por sentimentos de tristeza e medo, que demandam reorganização da estrutura familiar e uso de diferentes estratégias de enfrentamento. Entre as dificuldades vivenciadas na espera por um órgão contemplam-se o surgimento de intercorrências clínicas, que podem lhe tirar a vida ou impossibilitar a cirurgia, e a constante recusa da família de possíveis doadores. Conclusão A fila de espera para transplante cardíaco configura-se como um momento de “corrida contra o tempo pela vida”, permeada por ansiedade, esperança e frustração, na qual o apoio familiar é fundamental. Faz-se fundamental também o investimento em campanhas de doação de órgãos e capacitação de profissionais para fazer uma abordagem correta aos familiares de possíveis doadores, acolhendo o seu luto e esclarecendo suas dúvidas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction Transplantation is the gold standard approach in the treatment of heart failure, resulting in longer survival and quality of life. However, high demand and donor shortage lead to long queues in which patients experience ambiguous feelings of hope and frustration between life and death. Objective To understand the experience in the heart transplant waiting list from the perspective of patients and their families. Method Descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach, conducted with 12 participants: six patients who were waiting for heart transplantation and six family members. They answered a semi-structured interview script, which was evaluated by textual analysis using the Iramuteq software (Interface for R for Les Multesanalysis de Textes et de Questionnaires). Results It was evident that the discovery of the diagnosis and the need for transplantation was permeated by feelings of sadness and fear, requiring reorganization of the family structure and use of different coping strategies. The difficulties experienced in waiting for an organ include the emergence of clinical complications that can take the life of the patient or prevent surgery, and the constant refusal of possible donors on the part of the family. Conclusion The waiting list for heart transplantation is a moment of “race against time for life”, permeated by anxiety, hope and frustration, in which family support is essential. It is also essential to invest in organ donation campaigns and training professionals to make a correct approach to families when it comes to talk about potential donors, embracing their grief and clarifying their doubts.

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          Prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy after cardiac surgery: systematic review.

          To assess whether respiratory physiotherapy prevents pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. Searches through Medline, Embase, Cinahl, the Cochrane library, and bibliographies, for randomised trials comparing any type of prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy with another type or no intervention after cardiac surgery, with a follow up of at least two days, and reporting on respiratory outcomes. Investigators assessed trial validity independently. Information on study design, population, interventions, and end points was abstracted by one investigator and checked by the others. 18 trials (1457 patients) were identified. Most were of low quality. They tested physical therapy (13 trials), incentive spirometry (eight), continuous positive airway pressure (five), and intermittent positive pressure breathing (three). The maximum follow up was six days. Four trials only had a no intervention control; none showed any significant benefit of physiotherapy. Across all trials and interventions, average values postoperatively were: incidence of atelectasis, 15-98%; incidence of pneumonia, 0-20%; partial pressure of arterial oxygen per inspired oxygen fraction, 212-329 mm Hg; vital capacity, 37-72% of preoperative values; and forced expiratory volume in one second, 34-72%. No intervention showed superiority for any end point. For the most labour intensive intervention, continuous positive airway pressure, the average cost of labour for each patient day was 27 euro (pound 19; 32 dollars). The usefulness of respiratory physiotherapy for the prevention of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery remains unproved. Large randomised trials are needed with no intervention controls, clinically relevant end points, and reasonable follow up periods.
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            Working in the street clinic: use of IRAMUTEQ software on the support of qualitative research

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              The effects of intermittent positive pressure and incentive spirometry in the postoperative of myocardial revascularization.

              Pulmonary complications are important causes of morbidity and fatalities among patients subject to cardiac surgery. The respiratory physiotherapy has been aiding in the recovery of these patient ones. To evaluate the physiotherapeutic effect of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) and incentive spirometry (IS) in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization surgery. Forty patients were divided in two groups: one was submitted to IPPB (n=20) and the other to IS (n=20). The patients were evaluated at the preoperative period and 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively, with the resources being applied in the postoperative period. The following parameters were analyzed: oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory frequency (RF), minute volume (MV), current volume (CV), maximum inspiratory pressure (Ip max) and maximum expiratory pressure (Ep max). The groups were considered homogeneous regarding the demographic and clinical variables. In the group submitted to IPPB, an increase in SpO2 was observed 48 (p=0.007) and 72 h (p=0.0001) after surgery, when compared to the IS group. As for the RF, MV and CV variables, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The group submitted to IS showed a significant increase in the Epmax 24 (p=0.02) and 48 (p=0.01) h after surgery. Aiming at reversing hypoxemia earlier, IPPB showed to be more efficient when compared to IS; however, IS was more effective in improving respiratory muscle strength.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2020
                : 19
                : 58
                : 351-389
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Fortaleza Brasil
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de Fortaleza Brasil
                [4] orgnameHospital Universitario Walter Cantídio Brasil
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Fortaleza Brasil cf.melo@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                S1695-61412020000200012 S1695-6141(20)01905800012
                10.6018/eglobal.379421
                66c4a3c3-6bfc-4dbe-8d0f-7f203c55922b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 August 2019
                : 21 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 39
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Trasplante de Corazón,Capacitação Profissional,Patients,Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos,Familia,Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos,Family,Pacientes,Heart Transplantation,Capacitación Profesional,Família,Transplante de Coração,Professional training,Organ and Tissue Procurement

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