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      ¿Qué hacen los académicos de ciencias de la salud para definir los propósitos de su docencia de pregrado? Translated title: How do health sciences faculties define undergraduate teaching purposes?

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Los procesos de planificación del aprendizaje son altamente complejos, tanto para estudiantes como para docentes. Para decidir qué hacer en el aula, los docentes deben considerar el perfil de egreso de la carrera y los programas de la asignatura, pero no está claro cómo finalmente definen sus propósitos antes de realizar una clase. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de definición de propósitos desde los cuales el docente planifica las actividades de enseñanza de programas de pregrado de la salud. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, según la teoría fundamentada. Se entrevistó a cuatro expertos en educación médica y a 25 docentes, previo consentimiento informado. Para el análisis se realizó codificación axial. Resultados: Los propósitos de los docentes suelen expresarse en términos afines al modelo por competencias y están arraigados en la concepción de 'qué se suele enseñar', afectado por lo establecido formalmente en el plan de estudios. Su operacionalización está fuertemente influida por las concepciones personales y profesionales y las experiencias del académico. Para el docente, esto aumenta la relevancia de su labor, aunque ello signifique un menor seguimiento de las directrices definidas por su universidad. Conclusión: El docente ejerce un rol activo en la definición de los propósitos de enseñanza, lo que es coherente con lo esperado por un docente reflexivo. Sin embargo, queda abierta la discusión de cómo los problemas en la definición de los planes de estudio formales lo llevan a realizar frecuentes adaptaciones personales.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Learning processes planning is highly complex, both for students and teachers. Prior to decide what to do in the classroom, teachers should consider graduate profile and courses programs. But it is unclear how they finally define their purposes before taking a class. Aim: To analyze the process of purposes definition that underlies teaching activities election for undergraduate health programs. Subjects and methods: Qualitative study, according to the grounded theory. Four experts in medical education and 25 teachers were interviewed, prior informed consent. For data analysis, axial coding was performed. Results: Teachers' purposes are usually expressed in terms related to competency model. They are rooted in the conception of 'what is usually taught'. It is also affected by what is formally established in the curriculum. But its operationalization is strongly affected by personal and professional conceptions and teachers' experiences. For teachers, this increases the relevance of their work, although the guidelines defined by his university are less used. Conclusion: Teachers showed an active role in teaching purposes definition, which is consistent with what is expected by a reflexive teacher. However, the discussion of what problems in formal curricula leads him to make frequent personal adaptations remains open.

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          Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform

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            What makes a good clinical teacher in medicine? A review of the literature.

            The authors perform a review of the literature pertinent to the question, "What makes a good clinical teacher in medicine?" After framing the question, based on discussions of their own experiences with clinical teachers, the authors performed a search of the literature pertinent to the question, "What are the qualities of a good clinical teacher in medicine?" Between July and December, 2006, they reviewed titles from Index Medicus (1909-1966), PubMed (1966 to the present), PubMed Related Articles, and referenced articles. The initial selections were chosen by scanning pre-1966 Index Medicus title lists and post-1966 abstracts. Chosen articles were then read in their entirety, and those which described specific characteristics of clinical teachers were selected for inclusion. Qualitative analysis was used to identify themes. From 4,914 titles, 68 articles were selected for analysis-26 published before 1966, and 42 published after 1966. Four hundred eighty descriptors were identified and grouped into 49 themes, which were clustered into three main categories: physician, teacher, and human characteristics. Echoing the authors' intuitive descriptions, noncognitive characteristics dominated the descriptions and themes. Excellent clinical teaching, although multifactorial, transcends ordinary teaching and is characterized by inspiring, supporting, actively involving, and communicating with students. Faculty development programs and future research should focus on development of the noncognitive attributes of clinical teachers, as well as the knowledge and skills associated with effective teaching.
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              Para una formación de profesores construída dentro de la profesión

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fem
                FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica
                FEM (Ed. impresa)
                Fundación Educación Médica y Viguera Editores, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                2014-9832
                2014-9840
                2020
                : 23
                : 4
                : 173-178
                Affiliations
                [3] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad Católica de Temuco orgdiv1Dirección de Acompañamiento Académico y Socioemocional Chile
                [2] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología Chile
                [1] Temuco Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Educación Médica Chile
                Article
                S2014-98322020000400003 S2014-9832(20)02300400003
                66d63b75-5bec-4a7a-8da5-e92fe54f82db

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 February 2020
                : 12 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Educación de grado,Teaching,Graduate education,Curriculum,Profesor universitario,Enseñanza,University teacher,Currículo

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