Evaluation of nutritional values, phenolic profile, aroma compounds and biological properties of  Pittosporum tobira  seeds

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Abstract

Background

Plant essential oils and phenolic compounds are widely used for their medicinal properties. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional values, the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-hemolytic effects of Pittosporum tobira seeds.

Methods

The aroma compounds were isolated using two methods (Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD)) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Bioactive phenolic compounds were identified by mean of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Reducing power, hydrogen peroxide (H ₂O ₂) scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were used to investigate antioxidant activity. Anti-hemolytic activity was evaluated using H ₂O ₂-induced hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC).

Results

Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were the most volatile fractions identified by HD and HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS but their quality and amount were quite different according to the extraction methodology. The main phenolic compounds identified by HPLC were caffeic acid, followed by cinnamic acid and gallic acid. P. tobira seeds essential oils showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC ₅₀ value = 1.5 mg/mL), H ₂O ₂ scavenging assay (IC ₅₀ value = 159.43 μg/mL) and reducing power test (IC ₅₀ value = 0.982 mg/mL) compared to methanolic extract. Moreover, the results revealed that the essential oil was able to protect RBC from hemolysis induced by H ₂O ₂. However, the methanolic extract had no effect on H ₂O ₂-induced hemolysis of RBC as compared to the essential oil and the standard vitamin C.

Conclusions

P. tobira may be used as a new natural source of antioxidant with therapeutic application in diseases caused by reactive oxygen species.

Graphical Abstract

Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Pittosporum tobira seeds

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Most cited references 33

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Dietary mineral supplies in Africa

Edward J. M. Joy, E. Louise Ander, Scott D Young … (2014)

Dietary micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are widespread, yet their prevalence can be difficult to assess. Here, we estimate MND risks due to inadequate intakes for seven minerals in Africa using food supply and composition data, and consider the potential of food-based and agricultural interventions. Food Balance Sheets (FBSs) for 46 countries were integrated with food composition data to estimate per capita supply of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and also phytate. Deficiency risks were quantified using an estimated average requirement (EAR) ‘cut-point’ approach. Deficiency risks are highest for Ca (54% of the population), followed by Zn (40%), Se (28%) and I (19%, after accounting for iodized salt consumption). The risk of Cu (1%) and Mg (<1%) deficiency are low. Deficiency risks are generally lower in the north and west of Africa. Multiple MND risks are high in many countries. The population-weighted mean phytate supply is 2770 mg capita−1 day−1. Deficiency risks for Fe are lower than expected (5%). However, ‘cut-point’ approaches for Fe are sensitive to assumptions regarding requirements; e.g. estimates of Fe deficiency risks are 43% under very low bioavailability scenarios consistent with high-phytate, low-animal protein diets. Fertilization and breeding strategies could greatly reduce certain MNDs. For example, meeting harvestplus breeding targets for Zn would reduce dietary Zn deficiency risk by 90% based on supply data. Dietary diversification or direct fortification is likely to be needed to address Ca deficiency risks.

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Antioxidative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to its main components.

W. Wang, Mark N Wu, Y G Zu … (2008)

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to three of its main components (1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene). GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 19 compounds, representing 97.97% of the oil, the major constituents of the oil were described as 1,8-cineole (27.23%), α-pinene (19.43%), camphor (14.26%), camphene (11.52%) and β-pinene (6.71%). The oil and the components were subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by means of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and β-carotene bleaching test. In the DPPH test system, free radical-scavenging activity of R. officinalis L. essential oil, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene were determined to be 62.45%±3.42%, 42.7%±2.5%, 45.61%±4.23% and 46.21%±2.24% (v/v), respectively. In the β-carotene bleaching test system, we tested series concentration of samples to show the antioxidant activities of the oil and its main components, whereas the concentrations providing 50% inhibition (IC50) values of R. officinalis L. essential oil, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene were 2.04%±0.42%, 4.05%±0.65%, 2.28%±0.23% and 2.56%±0.16% (v/v), respectively. In general, R. officinalis L. essential oil showed greater activity than its components in both systems, and the antioxidant activities of all the tested samples were mostly related to their concentrations. Antioxidant activities of the synthetic antioxidant, ascorbic acid and BHT, were also determined in parallel experiments as positive control.

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Characterisation of nutrient profile of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), and purple corn (Zea mays L.) consumed in the North of Argentina: proximates, minerals and trace elements.

Norma Samman, Sandra Gueifão, Mariana Moreira Santos … (2014)

Quinoa, amaranth and purple corn are Andean cereals largely consumed in North of Argentina. Nutrient analysis with the purpose of inclusion in the Argentinean FCDB and e-search EuroFIR has become urgent matter. In this work proximate and mineral profile of Andean cereals cultivated in the North of Argentina were determined and compared with rice. Proximate analysis showed that Andean cereals have similar profile but significantly higher (p<0.05) than rice. Andean cereals are rich sources of iron, copper, manganese and zinc and better than rice. Phosphorus and magnesium quinoa content could contribute up to 55% of consumers DRI. Andean cereals and rice are poor sources of potassium. To guarantee the interchange of data among users and producers of FCDB component values were obtained in compliance with EuroFIR guidelines for compilation process. Present work provides necessary information to FCDB users who wish to have access to food reference analytical parameters.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ilhem Rjeibi:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-5241

+21620480884 , rjeibii@yahoo.fr

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Lipids Health Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Lipids Health Dis

Title: Lipids in Health and Disease

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1476-511X

Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 30 October 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 16

Electronic Location Identifier: 206

Affiliations

[1 ]Research unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia

[2 ]Common Services Unit for Research, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia

Author information

Ilhem Rjeibi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-5241

Article

Publisher ID: 596

DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0596-1

PMC ID: 5661929

SO-VID: 66dce818-59f5-4ebd-a4e1-b29b96673b9c

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 6 September 2017

Date accepted : 20 October 2017

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry

Keywords: pittosporum tobira seeds,phenolic compounds,aroma compounds,hs-spme-gc-ms,antioxidant activity,anti-hemolytic activity

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry

Keywords: pittosporum tobira seeds, phenolic compounds, aroma compounds, hs-spme-gc-ms, antioxidant activity, anti-hemolytic activity

Evaluation of nutritional values, phenolic profile, aroma compounds and biological properties of Pittosporum tobira seeds

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Most cited references 33

Dietary mineral supplies in Africa

Antioxidative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to its main components.

Characterisation of nutrient profile of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), and purple corn (Zea mays L.) consumed in the North of Argentina: proximates, minerals and trace elements.

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