Kunchok Dorjee:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-0631
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
R. C. Sadoff:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-1976
Role: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Farima Rahimi Mansour: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Sangyal Dorjee: Role: InvestigationRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Eli M. Binder:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-5786
Role: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Maria Stetson: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Regina Yuen: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Hyunju Kim:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-7018
Role: InvestigationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Muhammad Junaid Farrukh,: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS One
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
16
May
2025
Publication date Collection: 2025
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e0320162
Affiliations
[1
]
Center for Tuberculosis and AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
[2
]
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore,
Maryland, United States of America
[3
]
Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
[4
]
Adams County Health Department, Brighton, Colorado, United States of America
[5
]
Center for Humanitarian Health, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
UCSI University, MALAYSIA
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-24-29021
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320162
PMC ID: 12083795
PubMed ID: 40378132
SO-VID: 671b6959-b62f-46d7-ba71-5d945abfaf15
Copyright © © 2025 Dorjee et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
This study was supported by grants and philanthropy awarded to KD and Johns Hopkins
University from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National
Institute of Health (Grant #K01AI148583); Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research (Grant
#90100777); the United Nations STOP TB PARTNERSHIP TB REACH (Grant #134126); Chao
Family Foundation (unnumbered); the Pittsfield Anti-TB Association (unnumbered); Friends
of Delek Hospital (unnumbered); the Joseph & Sally Handleman Charitable Foundation
Trust (unnumbered); the Step Forward Initiative (unnumbered); and other dedicated
philanthropy (unnumbered) in the form of salary for KD, RCS, and SD. The specific
roles of the authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. The funders
had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Infectious Disease Control
Subject:
Vaccines
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Viral Diseases
Subject:
Covid 19
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Clinical Medicine
Subject:
Signs and Symptoms
Subject:
Hemorrhage
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Vascular Medicine
Subject:
Hemorrhage
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Endocrinology
Subject:
Endocrine Physiology
Subject:
Menstrual Cycle
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Endocrine Physiology
Subject:
Menstrual Cycle
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Reproductive Physiology
Subject:
Menstrual Cycle
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Women's Health
Subject:
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject:
Contraception
Subject:
Female Contraception
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
Subject:
Statistical Methods
Subject:
Metaanalysis
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Mathematics
Subject:
Statistics
Subject:
Statistical Methods
Subject:
Metaanalysis
