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      Efficient White LEDs Using Liquid-state Magic-sized CdSe Quantum Dots

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          Abstract

          Magic clusters have attracted significant interest to explore the dynamics of quantum dot (QD) nucleation and growth. At the same time, CdSe magic-sized QDs reveal broadband emission in the visible wavelength region, which advantageously offer simple integration of a single-type of nanomaterial and high color rendering ability for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we optimized the quantum yield of magic-sized CdSe QDs up to 22% via controlling the synthesis parameters without any shelling or post-treatment process and integrated them in liquid-state on blue LED to prevent the efficiency drop due to host-material effect. The fabricated white LEDs showed color-rendering index and luminous efficiency up to 89 and 11.7 lm/W, respectively.

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          Intrinsic white-light emission from layered hybrid perovskites.

          Liam Bradshaw, Emma R. Dohner, Adam Jaffé … (2014)
          We report on the second family of layered perovskite white-light emitters with improved photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs). Upon near-ultraviolet excitation, two new Pb-Cl and Pb-Br perovskites emit broadband "cold" and "warm" white light, respectively, with high color rendition. Emission from large, single crystals indicates an origin from the bulk material and not surface defect sites. The Pb-Br perovskite has a PLQE of 9%, which is undiminished after 3 months of continuous irradiation. Our mechanistic studies indicate that the emission has contributions from strong electron-phonon coupling in a deformable lattice and from a distribution of intrinsic trap states. These hybrids provide a tunable platform for combining the facile processability of organic materials with the structural definition of crystalline, inorganic solids.
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            White organic light-emitting diodes.

            Malte C Gather, Anne Köhnen, Klaus Meerholz (2011)
            White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) offer a range of attractive characteristics and are in several regards conceptually different from most currently used light sources. From an application perspective, their advantages include a high power efficiency that rivals the performance of fluorescent lamps and inorganic LEDs and the potential for a very low cost of manufacturing. As flat-panel light sources they are intrinsically glare-free and generate light over a large area. WOLEDs are constantly improving in terms of performance, durability, and manufacturability, but these improvements require joint research efforts in chemistry and the materials sciences to design better materials as well as in physics and engineering to invent new device concepts and design suitable fabrication schemes, a process that has generated many exciting scientific questions and answers. This article reviews current developments in the field of WOLEDs and puts a special focus on new device concepts and on approaches to reliable and cost-efficient WOLED manufacturing.
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              Control of photoluminescence properties of CdSe nanocrystals in growth.

              Lianhua Qu, Xiaogang Peng (2002)
              The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of CdSe nanocrystals during their growth under a given set of initial conditions increases monotonically to a certain maximum value and then decreases gradually. Such a maximum is denoted as a PL "bright point", which does not always overlap with the minimum point of the PL peak width for the same reaction. The experimental results suggest that the existence of the PL bright point is a general phenomenon during the growth of semiconductor nanocrystals and likely is a signature of an optimal surface structure/reconstruction of the nanocrystals grown under a given set of initial conditions. The position of the bright point, the highest PL QY, the types of the bright points (sharp or flat), the sharpness of the PL peak, etc., were all strongly dependent on the initial Cd:Se ratio of the precursors in the solution. A large excess of the selenium precursor, with 5-10 times more selenium precursor than the amount of the cadmium precursor, was found necessary to achieve a high PL QY value and a narrow emission profile. The existence of the PL bright point and the sensitive temporal variation of the PL QY during the growth of semiconductor nanocrystals can explain the unpredictable nature and poor reproducibility of the PL properties of the as-prepared semiconductor nanocrystals observed previously. Furthermore, the knowledge gained in this study enabled us to reproducibly synthesize highly luminescent CdSe nanocrystals through a relatively simple and safe synthetic scheme. In a traditionally weak emission window for CdSe nanocrystals, the orange-red optical window, the PL QY of the as-prepared CdSe nanocrystals reached as high as 85% at room temperature, and the full width at half-maximum of the corresponding PL peak was as narrow as 23 nm, about 65-80 meV depending on the emitting position. The PL properties of the as-prepared CdSe nanocrystals are stable upon aging for at least several months. These as-prepared nanocrystals represent a series of best emitters that are highly efficient, highly pure in emission color, stable, and continuously tunable by simply varying the size of the nanocrystals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sedat Nizamoglu: snizamoglu@ku.edu.tr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 July 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10061
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000000106887552, GRID grid.15876.3d, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, , Koc University, ; 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0637 1566, GRID grid.5334.1, Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, , Sabanci University, ; Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
                [3 ]ISNI 0000000106887552, GRID grid.15876.3d, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, , Koc University, ; 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-1626
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-0957
                Article
                Publisher ID: 46581
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46581-2
                PMC ID: 6624196
                PubMed ID: 31296920
                SO-VID: 671f9456-39d9-4abe-957a-62cb3fc47a04
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 14 March 2019
                Date accepted : 27 June 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004412, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (Turkish Academy of Sciences);
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: synthesis and processing,quantum dots
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: synthesis and processing, quantum dots

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