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      Nutritional status of children and adolescents: factors associated to overweight and fat accumulation Translated title: Estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes: fatores associados ao excesso de peso e acúmulo de gordura

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence and identify factors associated with the nutritional status of individuals aged 8 to 17 years old in schools located at 3 administrative regions in the city of Vitória, Brazil. METHODS: The nutritional status of 400 students was assessed based on a cross-sectional study. Association between overweight and fat accumulation around waist was tested considering the variables: sexual maturaten stage, income level, number of siblings, maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity. Individuals considered stunting had height-for-age < -2 Z-scores of median value for the reference population; wasting, those with BMI < 5th percentile; overweight, those with BMI e" 85th percentile. Waist circumference was measured under the following parameter: percentile e" 90 of the British population. RESULTS: Prevalence was 4.0% stunting, 4.8% wasting, 21.3% overweight and 27.3% fat accumulation around the waist. In the multiple linear model, variables associated with overweight were the following: initial and intermediate stages of sexual maturaten, maternal BMI > 25kg/m², and high income level. Fat accumulation around the waist was associated to the following variables: maternal BMI >25kg/m², high income level, age < 14, and sedentary > 28 hours/week. CONCLUSIONS: Low prevalence of nutritional deficits and high prevalence of overweight and fat accumulation around the waist were found. Higher prevalence rate occurred among individuals showing the following characteristics: higher income level; overweight mother; within initial and intermediate stages of sexual maturation; bellow 14 years old; sedentary.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: estimar as prevalências e identificar os fatores associados ao estado nutricional de indivíduos de 8 a 17 anos matriculados em escolas de 3 regiões administrativas do município de Vitória. MÉTODO: avaliou-se o estado nutricional de 400 alunos a partir de um estudo transversal. Testou-se a associação entre o sobrepeso e o acúmulo de gordura na cintura com as variáveis: estágio de maturação sexual, nível socioeconômico, número de irmãos, IMC materno e atividade física. Considerou-se em déficit de estatura os indivíduos com índice estatura/idade < -2 escores z do valor mediano da população de referência, em déficit de peso aqueles com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) < percentil 5 e com sobrepeso IMC e" percentil 85. Para o perímetro da cintura, adotou-se como parâmetro o percentil e" 90 da população britânica. RESULTADOS: encontrou-se prevalência de 4,0% de déficit de estatura, 4,8% de déficit de peso, 21,3% de sobrepeso e 27,3% de acúmulo de gordura na cintura. No modelo de regressão linear múltipla as variáveis associadas ao sobrepeso foram maturação sexual em estágio inicial e intermediário, IMC materno e"25kg/m² e maior renda. Para acúmulo de gordura na cintura as variáveis associadas foram IMC materno e"25kg/m², maior renda, menores de 14 anos e sedentarismo e"28 horas/semana. CONCLUSÕES: observou-se baixa prevalência de déficit nutricional e elevada de sobrepeso e acúmulo de gordura na cintura, apresentando maior razão de prevalência entre os indivíduos com maior renda, com mães que apresentaram sobrepeso, nos estágios de maturação sexual inicial ou intermediária, menores de 14 anos e sedentários.

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          High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003-2006.

          The prevalence of overweight among US children and adolescents increased between 1980 and 2004. To estimate the prevalence of 3 measures of high body mass index (BMI) for age (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and to examine recent trends for US children and adolescents using national data with measured heights and weights. Height and weight measurements were obtained from 8165 children and adolescents as part of the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), nationally representative surveys of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. Prevalence of BMI for age at or above the 97th percentile, at or above the 95th percentile, and at or above the 85th percentile of the 2000 sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI-for-age growth charts among US children by age, sex, and racial/ethnic group. Because no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of high BMI for age were found between estimates for 2003-2004 and 2005-2006, data for the 4 years were combined to provide more stable estimates for the most recent time period. Overall, in 2003-2006, 11.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7%-12.9%) of children and adolescents aged 2 through 19 years were at or above the 97th percentile of the 2000 BMI-for-age growth charts, 16.3% (95% CI, 14.5%-18.1%) were at or above the 95th percentile, and 31.9% (95% CI, 29.4%-34.4%) were at or above the 85th percentile. Prevalence estimates varied by age and by racial/ethnic group. Analyses of the trends in high BMI for age showed no statistically significant trend over the 4 time periods (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006) for either boys or girls (P values between .07 and .41). The prevalence of high BMI for age among children and adolescents showed no significant changes between 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 and no significant trends between 1999 and 2006.
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            A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children.

            To assess the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on children's body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for the development of overweight in young children. Randomized controlled clinical trial. University children's hospital. Seventy children aged 4 to 7 years whose BMI was at or above the 75th BMI percentile for age and sex. Children were randomized to an intervention to reduce their television viewing and computer use by 50% vs a monitoring control group that did not reduce television viewing or computer use. Age- and sex-standardized BMI (zBMI), television viewing, energy intake, and physical activity were monitored every 6 months during 2 years. Children randomized to the intervention group showed greater reductions in targeted sedentary behavior (P < .001), zBMI (P < .05), and energy intake (P < .05) compared with the monitoring control group. Socioeconomic status moderated zBMI change (P = .01), with the experimental intervention working better among families of low socioeconomic status. Changes in targeted sedentary behavior mediated changes in zBMI (P < .05). The change in television viewing was related to the change in energy intake (P < .001) but not to the change in physical activity (P =.37). Reducing television viewing and computer use may have an important role in preventing obesity and in lowering BMI in young children, and these changes may be related more to changes in energy intake than to changes in physical activity.
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              Physical Status: the use and interpretation of anthropometric

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbcdh
                Journal of Human Growth and Development
                J. Hum. Growth Dev.
                Centro de Estudos de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do Ser Humano (Santo André, SP, Brazil )
                0104-1282
                2175-3598
                2014
                : 24
                : 3
                : 313-319
                Affiliations
                [01] Vitória ES orgnameEspírito Santo state Department of Health Brazil
                [02] Vitória ES orgnameCouncil of Food and Nutritional Security orgdiv1Espírito Santo state Brazil
                [03] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversity of São Paulo orgdiv1Faculty of Public Health Brazil
                Article
                S0104-12822014000300011 S0104-1282(14)02400300011
                673c6479-4c74-4750-b56a-f961a253b8a6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 June 2014
                : 18 September 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Original article

                déficit de estatura,sobrepeso,obesidade abdominal,adolescente,nutritional status,sexual maturation,stunting,overweight,abdominal obesity,adolescent,estado nutricional,maturação sexual

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