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      Registro Brasileiro de Marcapassos: escolha do modo de estimulação no ano de 1999 Translated title: Brazilian Pacemaker register: pacing mode choice in 1999

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      Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
      Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular
      Estimulação cardíaca artificial, Sistemas de gerenciamento de base de dados, Marcapassos cardíacos, Marcapassos cardíacos, Registro Brasileiro de Marcapassos, Registro Brasileiro de Marcapassos, Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca, Marcapasso artificial, Estimulação cardíaca artificial, Registros médicos, Bases de dados, Marcapasso artificial, Marcapasso artificial, Pacemaker, Cardiac pacing, Cardiac pacing, Medical records, Databases, Pacemaker, Pacemaker, Pacemaker, Cardiac pacing, Cardiac pacing, Cardiac pacing, Database management system, Cardiac pacing, Cardiac pacing, Cardiac pacing, Brazilian Pacemaker Register

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          Abstract

          O Registro Brasileiro de Marcapassos (RBM) é uma base de dados nacional que visa a coletar e divulgar informações concernentes aos procedimentos relacionados com a estimulação cardíaca artificial no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do sexto ano de operação do RBM, que vai de 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 1999 e teve como objetivo principal comparar os dados clínicos dos pacientes submetidos a implante de marcapasso ventricular aos dos pacientes que receberam marcapasso atrioventricular. Nesse período, foram reportados 11.048 procedimentos, perfazendo 8141 (73,7%) implantes iniciais e 2907 (26,3%) reoperações. Foram implantados 6779 (61,4%) marcapassos unicamerais e 4258 (38,6%) bicamerais. Dos implantes de câmara única, apenas 99 (0,9%) foram atriais. A relação média nacional entre implantes ventriculares e atrioventriculares foi de 1,6: 1. Pela análise dos dados apresentados para os primeiros implantes de marcapasso, foi possível verificar fatores que influenciaram a escolha do modo de estimulação, como: 1) a região onde o hospital está instalado; 2) a idade do paciente; 3) a classe funcional e 4) o distúrbio da condução do paciente. Diferenças Regionais: A região centro-oeste diferiu das demais, por apresentar maior número de implante atrioventriculares que ventriculares (relação AV / VVI = 1,5). Nas demais regiões, foram implantados mais marcapassos ventriculares que dupla-câmara com relações AV / VVI variando de 0,78 na região sudeste a 0,51 na região sul. Idade: Na faixa etária de 21 a 60 anos, houve mais implantes bicamerais (relação AV / VVI = 1,7 dos 21 aos 40 anos e 1,25 dos 41 aos 60). Nas demais faixas etárias, o número de implantes ventriculares foi maior, com relação VVI/AV variando de 1,3: 1 nas duas primeiras décadas da vida a 3,2: 1 na faixa etária maior que 81 anos. Classe Funcional: apenas nos pacientes de classe funcional I o número de marcapassos bicamerais excedeu o número de ventriculares (relação AV/VVI = 1,4). Nos pacientes com sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca prévia, o número de implantes ventriculares foi maior com relação VVI / AV de 1,2: 1 na classe II; de 1,5: 1 na classe III e de 1,9: 1 na classe IV. Distúrbio do Sistema Éxcito-Condutor: Pacientes portadores de doença do nó sinusal receberam aproximadamente duas vezes mais marcapassos fisiológicos que ventriculares (relação AV/VVI = 2,1: 1). Nos portadores de bloqueios do 2º grau, a relação VVI/AV foi de 1,2:1, nos portadores de bloqueios totais, foi 1,8:1 e nos pacientes portadores de flutter ou fibrilação atrial 10: 1. Outros Fatores Analisados: Sintomas pré-operatórios, etiologia do distúrbio da condução e sexo do paciente não estiveram relacionados a diferenças no modo de estimulação escolhido.

          Translated abstract

          Brazilian pacemaker register (RBM) is a nationwide database to collect data about all permanent pacemaker procedures performed in Brazil. It is a task force composed of the Health Ministry, Pacemaker Companies and Medical Society. This is a survey reporting the 6th complete year of operation. From January 1st, 1999 to December 31st, 1999, 11.048 surgical procedures for permanent cardiac pacing were performed: 8141 initial implants (73.7%) and 2907 re-operations (26.3%). Single chamber pacemakers were implanted in 6779 patients (61.4%) and dual chamber in 4258 (38.6%). Only 99 atrial single chamber pacemakers were implanted (0.7%). It was possible to detect some factors that had influenced the pacing mode choice for ventricular (VVI) or dual chamber (DC) pacing: 1) the Brazilian region where the procedure was performed; 2) the age of the patient; 3) the functional class for Heart Failure (NYHA) and the preoperative EKG finding. Regional Influence: Ventricular pacemakers were more prevalent in all regions except the central-west where the DC / VVI ratio was 1.5: 1. In all other regions the VVI / DC ratio ranged from 1.3 to 2.0: 1. Age: Atrioventricular pacemakers were preferred for patients from 21 to 60 yrs. (DC / VV ratio range = 1.7:1 and 1.3:1, respectively for ages 21 to 40 and 41 to 60 yrs.). In all other age classes ventricular pacing mode was prevalent. Heart Failure: Ventricular pacemakers were the choice in classes II, III and IV (VVI / DC ratio = 1.2: 1 for class II, 1.5 : 1 for class III and 1.9: 1 in class IV). In class I patients, more dual chamber pacemakers were implanted (DC / VVI ratio = 1.4: 1). Pre-operative EKG Finding: Only sinus syndrome patients received more dual chamber pacemaker than ventricular (DC / VVI ratio = 2.1:1). In all other types of conduction disturbances, more ventricular pacemakers were implanted than dual chamber: in 2nd degree AV block the VVI / DC ratio was 1.2:1, in 3rd AB block it was 1.8: 1 and in atrial flutter / fibrillation patients 10: 1. Other Factors: Gender, preoperative symptoms and etiology of conduction disturbance were not related to pacing mode choice.

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          Most cited references24

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          Long-term follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome.

          In a previous study of 225 patients with sick-sinus syndrome randomised to either single-chamber atrial pacing (n=110) or single-chamber ventricular pacing (n=115), we found that after a mean follow-up of 3.3 years, atrial pacing was associated with significantly less atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism whereas there was no significant difference in mortality and heart failure between the two groups. We aimed to find out whether this beneficial effect of atrial pacing is maintained during extended follow-up of up to 8 years. Follow-up visits for all patients were at 3 months, 12 months, then once a year at which patients had a physical examination, ECG recording, and pacemaker check-up. Endpoints were mortality, cardiovascular death, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolic events, heart failure, and atrioventricular block. Data was analysed on Dec 31, 1996. At long-term follow-up, 39 patients from the atrial group had died versus 57 from the ventricular group (relative risk 0.66 [95% CI 0.44-0.99]; p=0.045). 19 patients from the atrial group and 39 patients from the ventricular group died from a cardiovascular cause (0.47 [0.27-0.82]; p=0.0065). The cumulative incidences of atrial fibrillation and chronic atrial fibrillation were also significantly lower in the atrial group than in the ventricular group (0.54 [0.33-0.89], p=0.012 and 0.35 [0.16-0.76], p=0.004, respectively). Thromboembolic events occurred in 13 patients in the atrial group and 26 in the ventricular group (0.47 [0.24-0.92], p=0.023). Heart failure was less severe in the atrial group than in the ventricular group (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, atrial pacing was significantly associated with freedom from thromboembolic events (0.47 [0.24-0.92], p=0.028) and survival from cardiovascular death (0.52 [0.30-0.91], p=0.022), but no longer with overall survival (0.71 [0.46-1.08], p=0.11) or chronic atrial fibrillation (0.45 [0.20-1.05], p=0.063). Atrioventricular block occurred in four patients in the atrial group (0.6% annual risk). The beneficial effect of atrial pacing found in our previous study is enhanced substantially over time. Patients with sick-sinus syndrome should be treated with an atrial rather than ventricular-pacing system because after long-term follow-up, atrial pacing is associated with a significantly higher survival, less atrial fibrillation, fewer thromboembolic complications, less heart failure, and a low-risk of atrioventricular block.
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            Relation between mode of pacing and long-term survival in the very elderly.

            This study analyzes the relationship between pacing mode and long-term survival in a large group of very elderly patients (> or = 80 years old). The relationship between pacing mode and long-term survival is not clear. Because the number of very elderly who are candidates for pacing is increasing, issues related to pacemaker (PM) use in the elderly have important clinical and economic implications. We retrospectively reviewed 432 patients (mean age, 84.5+/-3.9 years) who received their initial PM (ventricular in 310 and dual chamber in 122) between 1980 and 1992. Follow-up was complete (3.5+/-2.6 years). Observed survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Age- and gender-matched cohorts from the Minnesota population were used for expected survival. Log-rank test and Cox regression hazard model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients with ventricular PMs appeared to have poor overall survival compared with those with dual-chamber PMs. Observed survival after PM implantation in high grade atrioventricular block (AVB) patients was significantly worse than expected survival of the age- and gender-matched population (p < 0.0001), whereas observed survival of patients with sinus node dysfunction was not significantly different from expected survival of the matched population (p = 0.413). By univariate analysis, ventricular pacing in patients with AVB appeared to be associated with poor survival compared with dual-chamber pacing (hazard ratio [HR] 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33 to 3.33). After multivariate analysis, this difference was no longer significant (HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.88 to 2.27). Independent predictors of all-cause mortality were number of comorbid illnesses, New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular depression and older age at implant. Pacing mode was not an independent predictor of overall survival. Older age at implantation, diabetes mellitus, dementia, history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and earlier year of implantation were independent predictors of ventricular pacemaker selection. After PM implantation, long-term survival among very elderly patients was not affected by pacing mode after correction of baseline differences. Selection bias was present in pacing mode in the very elderly, with ventricular pacing selected for sicker and older patients, perhaps partly explaining the apparent "beneficial impact on survival" observed with dual-chamber pacing.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Long-term survival after permanent pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome.

              In this population-based study, long-term survival and prognostic factors were examined in 148 patients, 55 men and 93 women, from Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had permanent pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome between 1969 and 1991. The overall survival for patients who had received a permanent pacemaker for sick sinus syndrome was significantly worse than that of an age- and sex-matched control population (p or = 80 years was similar to the expected (p = 0.22).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbccv
                Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
                Braz. J. Cardiovasc. Surg.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-7638
                1678-9741
                September 2000
                : 15
                : 3
                : 263-271
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameRegistro Brasileiro de Marcapassos
                [02] orgnameSBCCV orgdiv1Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial
                [04] orgnameSociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular
                [03] orgnameMinistério da Saúde
                Article
                S0102-76382000000300011 S0102-7638(00)01500311
                10.1590/S0102-76382000000300011
                6745ca3b-d66d-4450-83db-5315fcdc59e8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : August 2000
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Consensos, Normas Estatutos, Registros

                Cardiac pacing,Pacemaker,Marcapasso artificial,Bases de dados,Registros médicos,Estimulação cardíaca artificial,Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca,Registro Brasileiro de Marcapassos,Brazilian Pacemaker Register,Marcapassos cardíacos,Sistemas de gerenciamento de base de dados,Database management system,Medical records,Databases

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