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      Control de carbohidratos en los medicamentos antiepilépticos para niños con dieta cetogénica Translated title: Controlling carbohydrate content in antiepileptic medications for children on a ketogenic diet

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: los pacientes que siguen una dieta cetogénica para el control de las crisis epilépticas deben llevar a cabo un estricto control de los hidratos de carbono procedentes tanto de los alimentos que consumen como de los medicamentos que tienen pautados. Tanto en la instauración de la dieta cetogénica como cuando el médico prescribe un medicamento nuevo es necesario el ajuste de la medicación a las formas farmacéuticas más adecuadas, de forma que se minimice el aporte de excipientes en forma de hidratos de carbono de los medicamentos. Objetivos: el objetivo que planteamos en el presente trabajo fue elaborar un listado de medicamentos antiepilépticos de utilización habitual en neurología pediátrica que incluyera información sobre su contenido calórico en forma de hidratos de carbono para la administración a pacientes con dieta cetogénica. Métodos: en cada medicamento incluido en el listado se revisó el contenido en excipientes considerados hidratos de carbono y derivados que pudieran influir en la cetosis del paciente. Se calculó el contenido calórico procedente de los hidratos de carbono y polioles de cada medicamento. Resultados: elaboración de una tabla para consulta del contenido calórico de distintos medicamentos antiepilépticos utilizados en neurología pediátrica para pacientes con dieta cetogénica. Conclusiones: la tabla publicada pretende ser una herramienta útil que permita la consulta del contenido calórico de distintos medicamentos antiepilépticos y la selección del medicamento idóneo que menos afecte a la dieta cetogénica. Con el contenido calórico en carbohidratos de las medicaciones pautadas se podrán realizar los ajustes necesarios en la dieta para mantener la cetosis necesaria.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: patients who follow a ketogenic diet for the control of epileptic seizures must carry out a strict control of carbohydrates from the foods they eat and the medicines they are prescribed. In the initiation of a ketogenic diet and when a doctor prescribes a new medication, it is necessary to select the most appropriate pharmaceutical form so that the supply of excipients in the form of carbohydrates from the drugs is minimized. Objectives: the goal of the present paper was to compile a list of carbohydrate and caloric contents in antiepileptic drugs commonly used in pediatric neurology. Methods: in each medication included in the list, the content of excipients considered carbohydrates and derivatives that could influence the patient's ketosis was reviewed. The caloric content from carbohydrates and polyols in each medication was calculated. Results: the table provides the total carbohydrate and caloric content for antiepileptic medications in pediatric patients consuming the ketogenic diet. Conclusions: this table is intended to be a useful tool to help clinicians select a pharmaceutical form that is less likely to affect the ketogenic diet. Additionally, knowing the carbohydrate content of a new medication will allow adjustment of the diet to maintain ketosis.

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          Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: Updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group

          Summary Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are established, effective nonpharmacologic treatments for intractable childhood epilepsy. For many years KDTs were implemented differently throughout the world due to lack of consistent protocols. In 2009, an expert consensus guideline for the management of children on KDT was published, focusing on topics of patient selection, pre‐KDT counseling and evaluation, diet choice and attributes, implementation, supplementation, follow‐up, side events, and KDT discontinuation. It has been helpful in outlining a state‐of‐the‐art protocol, standardizing KDT for multicenter clinical trials, and identifying areas of controversy and uncertainty for future research. Now one decade later, the organizers and authors of this guideline present a revised version with additional authors, in order to include recent research, especially regarding other dietary treatments, clarifying indications for use, side effects during initiation and ongoing use, value of supplements, and methods of KDT discontinuation. In addition, authors completed a survey of their institution's practices, which was compared to responses from the original consensus survey, to show trends in management over the last 10 years.
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            The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a randomised controlled trial.

            The ketogenic diet has been widely and successfully used to treat children with drug-resistant epilepsy since the 1920s. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in a randomised controlled trial. 145 children aged between 2 and 16 years who had at least daily seizures (or more than seven seizures per week), had failed to respond to at least two antiepileptic drugs, and had not been treated previously with the ketogenic diet participated in a randomised controlled trial of its efficacy to control seizures. Enrolment for the trial ran between December, 2001, and July, 2006. Children were seen at one of two hospital centres or a residential centre for young people with epilepsy. Children were randomly assigned to receive a ketogenic diet, either immediately or after a 3-month delay, with no other changes to treatment (control group). Neither the family nor investigators were blinded to the group assignment. Early withdrawals were recorded, and seizure frequency on the diet was assessed after 3 months and compared with that of the controls. The primary endpoint was a reduction in seizures; analysis was intention to treat. Tolerability of the diet was assessed by questionnaire at 3 months. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00564915. 73 children were assigned to the ketogenic diet and 72 children to the control group. Data from 103 children were available for analysis: 54 on the ketogenic diet and 49 controls. Of those who did not complete the trial, 16 children did not receive their intervention, 16 did not provide adequate data, and ten withdrew from the treatment before the 3-month review, six because of intolerance. After 3 months, the mean percentage of baseline seizures was significantly lower in the diet group than in the controls (62.0%vs 136.9%, 75% decrease, 95% CI 42.4-107.4%; p<0.0001). 28 children (38%) in the diet group had greater than 50% seizure reduction compared with four (6%) controls (p<0.0001), and five children (7%) in the diet group had greater than 90% seizure reduction compared with no controls (p=0.0582). There was no significant difference in the efficacy of the treatment between symptomatic generalised or symptomatic focal syndromes. The most frequent side-effects reported at 3-month review were constipation, vomiting, lack of energy, and hunger. The results from this trial of the ketogenic diet support its use in children with treatment-intractable epilepsy. HSA Charitable Trust; Smiths Charity; Scientific Hospital Supplies; Milk Development Council.
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              Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2022
                : 39
                : 4
                : 760-777
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria Spain
                [2] Madrid orgnameHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús orgdiv1Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112022000600009 S0212-1611(22)03900400009
                10.20960/nh.04036
                6752f03f-8259-4417-90f3-fcdccc394dbd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 January 2022
                : 16 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 18
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Antiepileptic,Medicamentos,Excipientes,Epilepsia,Dieta cetogénica,Carbohidratos,Antiepiléptico,Ketogenic diet,Excipients,Epilepsy,Drugs,Carbohydrates

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