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      Nutritional status and age at menarche of Senegalese adolescents

      , ,
      Annals of Human Biology
      Informa UK Limited

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          A comparison of skeletal growth and maturation in undernourished and well-nourished girls before and after menarche.

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            Catch-Up Growth during Adolescence

            R.H. Largo (1993)
            Various chronic diseases and malnutrition cause growth failure in childhood and adolescence; following recovery, catch-up growth may occur. The extent to which growth failure can be compensated for depends on the timing, severity and duration of the growth failure, as well as on the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease restricting growth and development. There are three types of catch-up growth. In type 1, when growth restriction ceases, growth occurs to such an extent that the height deficit is rapidly eliminated. Once the original growth curve is attained, growth proceeds normally. In type 2, when growth restriction ceases, there is a delay in growth and somatic development. However, growth continues for longer than usual, compensating for the growth arrest. Type 3 is a mixture of types 1 and 2, and all three types may be complete or incomplete. Two factors make it difficult to record catch-up growth during adolescence: the large variability in timing, expression and duration of pubertal growth and somatic development, and the relationship between the measurement error and the increase in growth observed within a defined time period. To avoid data collection and analysis problems, prospective and long-term study design should be considered. Ideally, data collection should be started in the prepubertal period and continue until final adult height is reached. High technical standards and well-trained personnel should be used. A variety of parameters should be assessed to obtain different dimensions of the growth process and pubertal development. Data analysis should be related not only to chronological age, but also to biologically oriented time-scales, such as bone age, pubertal staging and age at peak height velocity.
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              Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth in height, fatness, and fat patterning in rural South African black children

              Adolescent growth in height, fatness, and fat patterning was investigated in a sample of 79 rural South African black children studied longitudinally from 6-18 years. Data were analyzed relative to peak height velocity (PHV) to identify the phenomenon of "compensatory" growth in height during adolescence and to describe changes in fatness and fat patterning. Compensatory growth following PHV was clearly observed relative to NHANES data for African-Americans in that Z-scores for height at the start of the adolescent growth spurt were greater than those at the end of the spurt. Statistically significant differences in fatness and centralization between males and females did not occur until about 2 years after PHV was attained. Centralization of fat occurred in both sexes but more so in males. The lack of centralization in females was due to relatively greater triceps skinfold velocities. The rapid gain in post-PHV fatness in females may represent a physiological adaptation to an energetically sub-optimal environment, buffering the energetic costs of reproduction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annals of Human Biology
                Annals of Human Biology
                Informa UK Limited
                0301-4460
                1464-5033
                July 09 2009
                September 17 2009
                : 24
                : 6
                : 521-532
                Article
                10.1080/03014469700005282
                675a1afa-84eb-4743-a0ae-1afe786c0d8d
                © 2009
                History

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